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  • Leah’s Gaff

    I was born in Dublin, but I don’t know where I’ll die.

    The early summer of 2011 was schizoid. I walked for hours in a soft downpour, the sun crawling in and out the haze, getting the best of both climates.

    I kept my pace relaxed, cocooned in my anonymity, just the way I liked, the streets uncoiling before me. I carried my old sportsbag slung over my shoulder, within which was concealed the noxious implement for Leah’s death: a helium canister. The strap felt disarmingly light in my hand against my neck.

    There was little cause for worry, though. Outside the city centre, Dublin was quiet that day. Both people and traffic were sparse. I ignored the familiarity of Harcourt Street, the LUAS snaking past, crammed with punters, clanging as it went. I tried not to think too hard about what I was about to do.

    It was the 23rd of May. In just a few hours, Barack Obama was due to give a major address in College Green to a crowd of thousands, after being helicoptered up from Moneygall, the alleged hometown of his ancestors. The city centre was filled to capacity, or so I’d heard. The papers had been wanking with delight over the tenuous connection the American president had to the old sod, with headlines about roots and ancestral pride and the potential economic recovery that might happen as a result of his visit to Ireland. RTÉ live-tweeted the event as it happened, from Air Force 1 landing in Dublin Airport that morning to the pints of Guinness being supped by the President and First Lady in small-town Offaly pubs. To read all this, and how the majority of people spoke of it, you’d think the nation was about to undergo some sort of cosmic rite of redemption, after several years of bailouts, austerity, unemployment and the I.M.F., by Obama’s presence alone. Part of me believed it would, too.

    Guards were swarming all over the city and traffic was halted for the day. A raised platform and speaking podium stood in front of the Bank of Ireland’s stone portico. Periodic hollers of ‘Yes we can!’ ricocheted all around the square. Actors, pop singers and politicians pranced one by one out onto the stage in a flurry of speeches and light effects. The crowd took up every square inch of the plaza as I passed the security railing: starry-eyed students who still believed Obama was some sort of 21st-century messiah, Secret Service agents in suits and shades overseeing security, photojournalists jostling to and fro, trying to snap the best shot, parents holding kids aloft on their shoulders, all waiting to be wowed by the Presidential homily. Everyone I saw was making in some way or other for the city centre.

    I was probably the only man walking in the opposite direction. I could walk that route blindfolded, I knew it so well: the sickly neon light, the uphill curve of Harcourt Street, the glaring and swollen dome of Rathmines church, redbrick side-streets and electricity in my heels. The wrought-iron gate leading down to the door. The dim glow of the low-wattage bulb in the ceiling that kept the place lit. The promise of seeing her with each footstep. This was the route I took on the day Leah planned to die. For the last time, I knew.

    *

    I’ll bet you’ve never played Stoned Olympics, no? Ah man, it’s a fuckin’ scream, so it is. What you do is, you smoke your spliff down in one go, and then you try standing on a skateboard; you can’t take either of your feet off it. You then try manoeuvring it around the room and do a sliding jump over the sofa. Extra points if you manage not to break your back or your leg. I was never much good at it.

    Leah came up with that game, though she never actually took part. She just sat on the scaldy-looking armchair in the corner, blowing smoke rings, while me or Jay or whoever tried to snap the board tail back with our heels and leap into the air, falling on our arses in the process. She was the only girl I knew who could blow smoke rings.

    I knew her through Jay, who’d been my mate since primary school, and from whom I now bought most of my hash. I didn’t, and still don’t know, any other girl like her. Anyone else, and the lads would’ve told her to fuck off back to the kitchen, but they never did with Leah. They wouldn’t have dared. She’d this way of making you listen, of commanding your attention without even trying. Even her flatmate Lorcan, who spouted a bottomless river of shite, shut up whenever she spoke. You just wanted to hear more off her; know where she was taking you.

    ‘Everyone treats mass protest in this country as a joke,’ she’d say. ‘Guards, students, everyone. It’s all just a big day out for them.’

    ‘Well, can you blame them?’ Lorcan’d counter. ‘What normally happens when a protest is held here? Full power of the State falls down on you. That’s what it means to protest in this fuckin’ kip.”

    ‘Then why play along with the socially-acceptable form of protest at all? I mean, you see all these marches for abortion, with pink ribbons and signs and all that shite, and it just reinforces the idea that women are whining their way into getting what they want. It’s just government-sanctioned protest, to my eyes. No more effective than writing a letter to your local TD. It’s just so fucking quaint, and pointless, too. I mean, start a full-on riot if you want to get anything done. The last time women wanted something as significant as abortion was suffrage, and that was violent as fuck.’

    She was on a roll, and, stoned as we all were, we knew better than to interrupt her. She was entrancing like that; you just knew she was onto something. She just didn’t give a fuck who heard or disagreed.

    Lorcan encouraged her, grinning like a mad thing: ‘So, what do you suggest should be done?’

    ‘How do you mean?

    ‘Well, for starters, how would y’deal with the pigs? They shut down all the cop shops out in the backarse of nowhere because ‘there’s no funding’ for them. So, why are they always out in force whenever there’s a protest on?’

    Leah inhaled her spliff and carried on: ‘Me, I’d treat it like a state of emergency. Get in their face, make it impossible to get into Dáil Eireann. We’re talking literally blocking the doors, and filling up Government Buildings. That’s how you get something done. Make it impossible to do their jobs until they deal with it. Make it impossible for them to live their daily lives. If you’re not willing to get a nightstick to the head, then just get out the fucking way. If you’re out on the street, it should follow that you’re passionate enough to get in someone’s face. You need to scare the shit out of people.’

    ‘And how would you scare the shit out of people, Leah?’

    ‘I’d get every woman in Ireland to fill up water balloons with their period blood, and lob them at Government Buildings. It’d take months to clean off. And I wouldn’t do it on a fucking Saturday either, when the government aren’t in session. I’d do it during the week, so they couldn’t ignore it.’

    We were all laughing by now. ‘What do I know,’ Leah shrugged, cracking open another can of Tyskie. ‘It’s just one my sick fantasies.’

    Her flat, just off on the crumbling laneway of Oxford Road, always reeked of hash, before she’d moved in, even. The more I went over there, the more I liked it. She found it after a nightmarish house-hunt which ended up costing her nearly a grand in phone bills, over several hundred emails, and her sanity. There’d been a sharp increase in rental prices that year. Leah was only in her second year in college at the time, but she’d lied about being a young professional on her application; Dublin landlords hate students the way neo-Nazis hate immigrants and travellers. She took the flat because fuck-all else was coming her way.

    The guy she was renting off was an ex-garda, ex-garda detective no less, and he never checked his accounts, or his property. He owned six more houses around Dublin, his official tenants having all moved out. He still put up for rent on the sly for unsuspecting students, dole rats and lowlifes; the only time he’d ever call around was to collect the monthly cash Leah owed him. Far as I know, he did absolutely nothing to repair any of the hazards afflicting the place. He just didn’t give a fuck; so long as he got his rent money, he was happy enough.

    And yeah, it was a shithole – a garden-level basement under a stock-brick Georgian townhouse, germ-infested and cramped, low-ceilinged and airless, reeking of unwashed clothes and the hovering, organic reek of hash, dried piss and cider cans, no insulation and the carpets speckled in a decades’ worth of dust – but it was warm. When Leah moved in, it could only ever have been a student’s gaff, frayed Breaking Bad and American Psycho posters festooned the living room, along with the lurid smear of graffiti on every surface.

    Leah shared the place with three absolute spacers: Lorcan, an ex-architect (or so he claimed) and aspiring DJ with twenty-five grand in redundancy pay and fifteen grand’s worth of musical equipment in his room; my mate Jay, the closest we had to a ladies’ man, despite his potbelly and acne scars; and Olly, last of the Celtic Tiger Cubs, who described himself as an ‘earth-warrior.’ The four of them fucked off to Body and Soul one weekend, leaving me with several stacks of mould-smeared dinner plates to wash up.

    How Leah put up with us, I’ll never know. Her and Olly was the only ones paying rent, for starters, while we were just glorified squatters. She’d put in a day’s work in college and usually had a job or an internship going somewhere; Jay and me were officer-class vets in Ireland’s standing army of the hardcore unemployed, drifting between bullshit FAS courses to occasional nixers on film sets as extras, all the while collecting your hard-earned tax dollars from the dole office and using them as beer vouchers.

    I’d nowhere else to stay then, so thank fuck for the mates I had. On the rare occasion Leah or the lads couldn’t fix me up with a couch to kip on, I’d wander the streets of Dublin until my legs couldn’t take it anymore, or else I found somewhere I could lie down for the night. Usually I’d end up on the grassy patch under the bridge at Charlemont Street. Or else in a doorway somewhere, or down some shadowy laneway. I’d huddle into my sleeping bag, the cold sucking at me, listening to the water seethe in the dark. Then I’d get slowly out of it on my own, if I was able. The vodka and hash coursing through my system made me think I could endure anything. It dawned on me one night that I kind of liked living this way. It was only a miracle I didn’t fall into the canal and drown.

    I was never officially living there, but Leah and the lads didn’t mind having me over too much, either because they were usually too drunk or stoned to care, or because I always knew when to make tracks. All I had to worry about then was paying Lorcan a tenner back for the odd Dominos we’d order. Whatever dole money I had went on cans, anyway.

    I got the couch whenever I was over. The number of times I woke up on it after a night on the gargle is too much to count. It began to smell like me and moulded itself to my shape.

    It was dead handy, having posh mates. Lorcan and me got our dole on Tuesday; Jay got his on Wednesday. There was a pub next door, so we were never stuck for a few cans. The barman there was sound; he gave us take-outs after the off-license closed, just because he knew we lived next door. We’d pool whatever we had into a six-pack each and as much hash as we could afford. Usually, I’d only my lighter and a packet of skins to dish out. We’d head back to the flat to get doggedly, religiously stoned in the front room, talk shite and play Gears of War 3 on the Xbox, while 2Pac or Aphex Twin blared scratchily on Lorcan’s poxy stereo speakers. We used the rear wall and a photograph of one of Jay’s exes as a dartboard. Other times, we’d bitch about austerity and the government disbursing the dole money that we blew on weed every month. And, despite the lack of insulation, we never got any complaints about the noise. Maybe the neighbours were too afraid to complain.

    That was my life for a good while, counting the hours until dole day and taking cover at Leah’s gaff. Spliffing and swigging cans with Lorcan and Jay whilst Ollie hid in his room and Leah lost herself in her headphones. Gurning away at nothing as the volume was turned up and her head fell back and she was off in her own little nirvana once again.

    Ollie was sound enough to lend me his laptop if I ever needed to check emails. Sometimes, if they were all out at work or college, I’d let myself in with the key under the mat, make myself a cuppa and lie back on the sofa. Or spend hours online, sucking up the net’s boundless wisdom. Unanswered emails. Facebook updates. Other times, I’d log onto Leah’s Netflix account, killing the hours with American crime dramas or art films, obscure documentaries on the Dark Web and Islamic terror groups, whatever the algorithms were able to dredge up for me. Go over endless paragraphs of vitriol, mutual friends arguing about whatever in the comments section. I could on like that for hours. Until someone arrived home and we got down to spliffing.

    The welcoming pall of smoke never seemed to settle or lift, which was fair enough for everyone. Deep down, we knew the country was well and truly sunk and we were the rats left clinging to its driftwood. No-one had the ambition or even the energy to get angry about it. All we really wanted was weed and beer vouchers, and to enjoy our twenties while we still could; finding a job could fuck right off. The hassle with the banks, the endless plummet into national disrepair, the spike in suicide rates, was all I ever seemed to hear on the news. I actually gave up listening to it, I was that sick hearing about it all. I didn’t need to be reminded; everyone I knew was either skint or emigrating. Basically, the country was in a heap. I didn’t need the airwaves to keep rubbing it in.

    So, for a full year, Leah’s gaff became our little fortress against it all. The discoloured brickwork, too-low ceilings, Lorcan and Ollie’s bikes chained to the railing outside, the relentless damp and mould-caked jacks we all had to share; bound together like a unit of survivors, we were cordoned off in a warm, wasteful cocoon of nihilistic lassitude. Or, as Jay put it, ‘ridin’ the state, doggie-style!’

    But my main memory of that year was how cold it was; so cold, the canal froze over. The pavements were strewn with yellowed, crinkly leaves. Sheens of sugary-looking frost crusted the grass in the dawn air. Streetlights glowered in harsh, pelting blurs of misty rain. I walked far slower out of doors, still stoned from the night before, because any second I knew I might lose my footing and crash hard on the icy asphalt, the loveliness of winter abruptly shattered along with my elbow or kneecap. My face often felt like it was being scalped off me as I made for the dole office on Richmond Street.

    Any family I had by then was lost to me. My aul’ pair had kicked me out, my sister Lily had gone to live off in Canada. My dealings with her were limited to the occasional email and at least one late-night catch-up session on Skype each month, if I was able to get my hands on a laptop. No Leaving Cert to show, a virtually non-existent history of employment. I wasn’t too hassled by any of this, though. I preferred being closer to Leah.

    You never got the feeling she was as idealistic as she made out; she was at an age where one is usually ablaze with left-wing zeal, the first pangs of social conscience gnawing at the mind and heart. She repeated all the usual quixotic slogans declaiming equality and progress, but I don’t think she really meant any of it. She said them almost with a tone of bitter mockery, as if the systems of egalitarian belief picked up in lectures dedicated to feminism and intersectionality and post-colonial social theory had zero chance of survival in the real world. She earnestly lectured us on our male privilege, telling us time and again to check it, and then laugh off her own words after. She could seriously wreck your head that way; you never quite knew where you stood with her.

    And she was far wilder than any of us, and I don’t mean in a good way. She didn’t need drink or yokes to feel the thrill. If she felt like it, she’d get her kit off, and I mean, we’re talking tits and gee on full display, and her and Olly would race each other down the full length of Oxford Street to the canal, whopping and wailing like mad things. And this was during the daytime! In fairness, it was a great laugh whenever they did that. Worth it for the look of pure shock on some yummy-mummy’s face from over on Mountpleasant Square who decided to jog down our way.

    Other times, Leah might vanish for a week without so much as text or a call and then arrive back at the house out of nowhere, claiming with a flippant grin that she’d slept in the bedsit of some fella she just met at the Bernard Shaw, or had ended up in a rave out in Brittas Bay that got shut down by the guards. If what she told us was true, it was a miracle how she somehow always managed to emerge from these mis-adventures alive, or at least, relatively unscathed. She was mad. I know you’d have liked her.

    Of the five of us, she and Lorcan were the only ones who’d finished college. Somehow or other, despite all the lunacy she got up to, Leah always managed to pass the year with flying colours. She stayed in her room, assiduously drafting essays on state power and Thomas Hobbes, all the while making plans to apply to masters’ courses overseas once she graduated. She’d get them, too. I knew that in school, she was a model student, always studying, destined for a great Leaving Cert and a place in Trinity. I’m sure teachers and parents and bosses, even her college professors, loved her, thought her mature, sensible, hard-working, a shining example of industriousness to her more wilful peers. But I’ll bet none of them ever saw her gurning off her face at three in the morning at a session on Baggot Street, or running naked through the general campsite at Knockonstockon in the early dawn air, wailing like a banshee. Leah was smart enough to know that, if you’ve the tiniest smidgen of respectability that comes with attending one of the A-list private schools and colleges in Ireland, you can get away, more or less, with whatever you want. I liked the way she always dyed her hair a different colour, usually over the space of three or four days. She dressed all in black, outsized sweaters and second-hand Doc Martens. She could deck herself out in a shredded bin-liner for all I cared. I’d still have fancied her.

    Perhaps I was just hardwired to. But I’ve known from any early age to keep love buried in taciturnity. It fosters itself, like heat in a boiler, swelling until my lungs are in bits. I said nothing about it, so it wouldn’t be contaminated. I felt both free and taken hostage. My nights were sleepless, endless cigarettes burning themselves out between my fingers as I contemplated her face, watched her sleep, staved off the biting urge to grab and hold her to my torso. I’d have gone cold and without food just to kiss her throat.

    There were nights when, unable to sleep, I’d get up from the couch and stand on the landing outside her bedroom door. Just stand there for hours, listening to her breathe and dreaming of climbing in under the sheets with her, letting her warmth and scent wash over me. The only thing stopping me from going into her was the dead certainty that I’d never be welcome in her gaff or near her ever again.

    Not that I’d a prayer of getting with her. I’m better off on my own, anyway; I decided that about myself a long time ago. Aside from the lads, I can’t imagine who in their right mind would ever have me for a friend. Or as a boyfriend. Or even as a fuck-buddy, come to that. But I’d grown to kind of like not having to answer to anyone, bar the cunts in the dole office where I signed on. Relationships just really aren’t my bag. I’m happy enough with just my hand, my prick and my imagination.

    But I wasn’t alone. All the lads fancied her. Soon as she left the room, they’d talk about her in vexed, fascinated tones, commenting on the fact that she was clearly insane and yet still seemed somehow able to function; they’d all insist in the same breath that they saw her as a sister at best, not as a girlfriend, nor even as a friend with benefits. I knew that was bollocks; she’d gotten off with all three of them at different stages in the past, and yet, miraculously, the equilibrium in the house remained more or less the same. No rows, no sour looks or split blood, no avoiding each other, no awkward silences, no fistfights, no-one moving out. She’d been with Lorcan the most, and still occasionally got into bed with him when she was really off her face. Plenty of our mates who’d come for a session tried it on with her; a good few succeeded. But of the three living there, only Ollie seemed to really ignore her, after the one night he’d shagged her when he was pissed on cider. I don’t think she even took much notice of me.

    I can say with only the debatable clarity that retrospect brings, that none of us knew how ravine-like her depression really was. Living in that house definitely didn’t help. The more I stayed there, the more I noticed the white plastic tablet containers that she left lying around, as carelessly as she would her cans or her lighter. Towards the end, her hair, still lined with dull blonde highlights, grew more wiry and unwashed, her flat stare underscoring the pale outline of her bones.

    I never saw her cry, but there were plenty of times when I’m certain I heard her sobbing to herself from behind her bedroom door. I’d glimpse the trail of ashen scars tapering down her shoulder if her blouse sleeve came loose, and say nothing. If any of the lads noticed, they never said.

    ‘She’s a fuckin’ looper, man,’ Jay said. ‘I mean, don’t get me wrong, she’s a ride and all, but I wouldn’t want to give it to her twice.’

    ‘Bit too intense for my likin’,’ Ollie agreed.

    ‘Too much baggage,’ Lorcan slurred, lobbing his emptied Tuborg out the back door where it landed with a dull clatter.

    Things began to go wrong for us, as they so often do, almost innocuously. We went one afternoon in March for a few pints in the Bernard Shaw and ended up staying out the entire evening. As we staggered back down Oxford Street after closing time, Lorcan’s beer munchies kicked in, specifically for a popcorn chicken snack box from KFC. Lorcan’s need for KFC chicken was more or less the same as Jay’s need for gee: once he got a craving, it didn’t let up until he got it, and it usually ended the same way, tearful and unsatisfactory and discarded in some back lane somewhere.

    Anyway, we ended up in the nearest chipper, and immediately started rooting around in our pockets for loose change. Some knacker was lurking at the end of the counter, hunched over what looked like a sherbet dib-dob. He eyed us all as we rolled in, and kept staring at us as we made our orders, before slithering over to Jay and whispering, ‘Here, lads. D’yis want a dip?’

    We copped the small box in his hand. ‘What’s that?’

    ‘It’s 2C-I-,’ he whispered encouragingly.

    We laughed. ‘Is in me hole,’ Lorcan grunted.

    ‘I’m not messin’ wit’ yis lads, it really is,’ the kid insisted. He sounded like he was pleading.

    Ever the daredevil, Lorcan said, ‘Alright, so, let’s prove you wrong,’ dipped his middle finger into the box, scooped a bit of the stuff out, and licked it. Ollie, Jay and I followed suit, dipping our fingers in and placing it on our tongues, waiting for it to dissolve.

    Bang. Turned out it was 2C-I- after all. That, or it was flour with hairspray laced in, because it had a horrible stingy taste to it. Went down fairly well with the spice burger and chips I ended up having, though. We all had only the one dip, and already we were flying. Lorcan, on the other hand, kept horsing loads of it into him, the grin on his face getting more and more gleefully stupid by the second. He’d be tripping hard for the next few hours, we knew.

    By the time we got back to the flat, it really started to kick in as we lit up in the front room. We were still carrying on like normal, skulling cans and slagging and laughing like a troupe of gee-eyed clowns. I forget where Leah was that night; her absence, as always, was strongly felt, even under the loved-up haze we were all in. It didn’t stop me laughing at everything. The room, the chairs, the ways the lads seemed to be melting before my eyes; it was all such a fucking scream to me. I felt like I was on the verge of pissing myself, I was laughing that hard. I needed a new lung the morning after.

    Anyway, Jay had split up with his most recent girlfriend at the time, and Lorcan was talking non-stop, trying to offer him some dubious advice on the matter.

    ‘Don’t let her bring y’down, man,’ he spluttered. ‘Sure, we all know she left yeh ’cause you’ve a tiny mickey anyway.’

    ‘Fuck up, you,’ Jay retorted, but not angrily. He was too out of it to be angry or maudlin about it. Besides, it wasn’t really like him to get hung-up on his exes.

    ‘Sorry, man, but it’s true. Sure lookit, don’t be worryin’, yeah? Plenty more fish in the sea, as the fella says.’

    ‘Suppose,’ Jay muttered. He was the most wrecked of us that night, so he turned and made like he was heading off to bed, passing by the chair where Lorcan was sitting.

    ‘Night so, Tiny Mickey,’ Lorcan called after him. Jay stopped, stood behind him, looming in. Lorcan was so out of it by now he didn’t seem to notice or care. Next thing I knew, Jay had unbuckled his belt, grabbed him by the wrist and shoved his hand down his trousers, cheering sarcastically. We laughed. Lorcan grimaced loudly in revulsion, trying to wrench his hand away. But Jay was the stronger of the two, so he managed to wiggle Lorcan’s hand around for a bit before allowing him to snatch it away. Then he turned and shambled out of the room as if nothing had happened, leaving his belt undone and his cock still hanging loose, his boots clumping down the corridor.

    ‘Y’ fuckin’ wanker!’ Lorcan yelled. ‘You’re a bleedin’ dirtbird, Jay, so y’are!’

    Jay was in the habit of sleeping in the nip, even when it was freezing. So, an hour later, when Ollie had gone to his own room and I was left nodding off on the couch, Lorcan had gone scurrying up to Jay’s door. He’d crept up to the bed, threw the blankets off, grabbed Jay by the leg and tried dragging him out. Jay awoke and leapt up like a gorilla, roaring madly. He chased Lorcan out of his room and all around the gaff, still in the nip. Lorcan stumbled back to the kitchen, where I still was, laughing. Jay wandered blearily back to bed, locking the door this time.

    That was when the trip got worse, as it always did with Lorcan. He just didn’t have the head for yokes. With him, you just never knew if it was going to be a good buzz or a nightmare. Trouble seemed to follow him the way fleas follow a dog. Off my face as I was, I’ll never forget what happened next.

    Lorcan told me afterwards, he started thinking he was Johnny from Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and the Damned; he needed to get to the casino fast, or else he’d be shot. All I know is, he walked back into the kitchen, and started to violently bang his forehead repeatedly off the counter, convinced the bullet was coming at him. That just made me laugh even harder, the way his skull seemed to erupt into little bloody shards and then put itself back together again every time he slammed it off the Formica surface.

    After a few minutes of this, Lorcan decided to smash the kitchen up. He opened the cupboard and smashed up every dish we owned, tossing them on the floor and letting the fragments build up around his feet. I was still sitting on the chair on the corner, laughing my hole off. It really was that funny to watch. Lorcan was on a mission that night. When he got bored with the counter, he put his foot through the oven door.

    By now, he was really paro. He thought someone had nicked the last bit of hash he had in the house, when it reality, he just couldn’t find it. So between the loss and the hash, which, it eventually turned out, was just under his bed where he always kept it, he started smashing things, looking for stuff apparently. He wanted everyone to wake up and help him find his hash. He fell into the living room, and tried smashing the TV with his skateboard. He ended up breaking it clean in two. My heart sunk when I realized we wouldn’t be playing any more Stoned Olympics after that.

    Lorcan took no prisoners. He shattered the windows, and ripped the smoke alarm off the wall. He broke the toilet and the cisterns. If the house was a glorified hovel with at least some chance of being cleaned up when I first arrived, it was an untenable kip by the time Lorcan was done with it.

    He apologized afterward, but we’d no food for a week. We were reduced to eating crisps from the shop on the corner. Leah fairly tore him a new one about it. She was pretty scary when she was pissed off. The landlord suddenly remembered they all existed, came round, took one look at all the damage, and booted all of us, bar Leah, out. Jay found himself another squat, Lorcan seemed to have some sort of epiphany and jacked in the spliffing and sessioning for good, and I don’t know or care what happened to Olly. Leah told me I was still welcome to stay on the couch as long as I kept quiet. She had a plan, as it turned out, and a far better use for me in it than the others.

    I’m not trying to be elusive, just to draw you in. I have a story to tell, and all I ask is that you listen. It runs as unevenly in my mind as it will in yours, like an unmapped stretch of road.

    *

    Over the course of the year she’d lived in that kip, Leah’s depression inflated, cloaking her like a veil, stilting every conversation we had, leaving me almost as fatigued and distraught as she was. When and how that funereal condition first took hold of her, I can’t say. I only know it got unbearable by the time I was around.

    Leah was unable to find anyone else to share the place, and an eviction notice was promptly slid through the letterbox. Her immediate reaction was to wolf down a capsule of pills and wait for the long darkness to engulf her. Had it not been for one of Jay’s stoner mates, who was lying on the floor but still somewhat lucid, and who panicked when he saw her body sprawl next to his and quickly phoned an ambulance, she’d have been dead already. When she was finally let out of hospital, I was the man who she asked to help her give up the ghost. I wasn’t surprised by the request; had in fact been waiting for her to make it. She wanted to die still; and she wanted to do it right this time.

    ‘I want to die, Dara,’ she’d said, exhaling smoke. ‘I want to go away from here. I want to die and leave this world behind me.’

    I held her gaze, trying to keep my voice steady, praying I’d misheard her.

    And why do you want to die, Leah? You’ve plenty to live for.’

    She looked at me with narrowed eyes, her eyelids obtruding like bruised fruit. I remember how raw they looked. I knew then that she wasn’t play-acting or trying to disquiet me. Outside, Oxford Street glowered under a streetlight. Leah leaned forward and joined her hands on the table.

    ‘I’ll be needing your help with this, Dara. I’ve always been able to trust you,’ she said.

    ‘My help with what? With toppin’ yourself?’

    ‘Call it what you like. I’m asking you, just this once, to not argue, and just help me. Can you do that for me?’ Her voice was slow with a weary infuriation, as it only did when she was very drunk or very forlorn. ‘You’re one of the few men I know who hasn’t fucked me over…’

    ‘Leah, you’re stoned and talkin’ shite. Y’have my sympathy and all, but I’m not stayin’ here if you’re goin’ to be like this.’ I grabbed my jacket from the couch. I hated when she got like this.

    ‘Dara, please…’

    ‘No, Leah. This is just fuckin’ ridiculous. I’m after doin’ the nice-guy routine with you, saw you in hospital, bought you your shopping, picked up your pills from the chemist, came over and listened to you when y’were down. Come to that, have you taken your Sertaline yet?’

    ‘I don’t feel like taking it tonight,’ she murmured.

    ‘Fuck’s sake, Leah!’ I didn’t mean to snarl at her. But patience isn’t my strong point. I strode for the kitchen, looking to find the pills and make her take them. The hash was starting to wear off. It was the only time I think I ever raised my voice to her.

    She followed me and grabbed hold of my arm as I stood over the sink. Her hand felt claw-like, digging into my bicep. Her eyes were full of appeal.

    ‘Don’t do this to me, Dara. I need you here, alright? I need you here.’

    ‘There was a crack in her voice, frantic and trickling through her usually mumbling tone. She spoke those words with such quiet despair I felt my resolve weakening. So I sat down and listened to her. This was no false show, I knew, no childish bid for attention or pity. She sincerely wanted out.

    I remember her eyes, how narrow they were on that final, cheerless day. They were the eyes of a woman who couldn’t, and wouldn’t, dream anymore. She lay face-down on the rug, her body rippling with winded sobs. Her hair long, unwashed and uncombed, her face raw and her voice roughened from crying, her fingernails plastered in dried blood. All her confidence, all her poise and calm seemed to be robbed from her. The frailty of her hands as I helped her into bed. Her fingers tightening on my bicep the entire time, as she pleaded with me not to go.

    She said she wanted to go out on her own terms. Hers would be a painless death, coasting out of this life, hopefully with no imprint or even patent proof that she’d once existed. She spent the next few days drawing up her plans, as meticulously as she did her C.V. or an essay for college. She had a week to go before she was turfed out of the flat. So her death would take place on the day of Obama’s visit, as that way Ranelagh, as with everywhere outside the city centre, would be more or less drained of people. The landlord himself was going to the celebrations, so the building would be effectively empty. No suspicion could fall on me when her corpse was discovered. It would be taken for the suicide it was, and nothing else. I’d walk away knowing I’d helped her, without any weight on my conscience. There was to be no blood, no viscera, no carnal element to her demise. She would die cradled by the temperamental whisper of a city falling to sleep. I imagined her body’s paleness, how tranquil she’d make death seem.

    You’re probably wondering why I let myself get sucked into this macabre plan. I’m just too weak-willed, to be honest. At the time, I thought helping Leah commit suicide would be a sign of my friendship and loyalty, a silent means of demonstrating my love to her, even. I could have just told her to sleep it off and come to me if she’d any problems, but I wasn’t thinking straight. Also, I was afraid that if I walked out of the flat, she’d either do it there and then, or else get someone else to help her. There was no talking her out of it; at least, not with me, there wasn’t. She wanted my help and my help alone in her dying. I was to go in and dole out the last rites.

    The number of suicides used to belong just the Central Statistics Office. Now a victim of suicide gets their own memorial page on Facebook. There wouldn’t be one for Leah, though. I knew it.

    As I crossed the bridge onto Richmond Street South, I noticed a drunk pissing in the canal before trudging off toward the LUAS stop. Despite the early hour, a crowd was already gathered on the canal lock just outside The Barge. Young office types in suits, drinking cans or glasses of white wine. The weekend was only just beginning. The willows lining the canal bank caressed the water, which swarmed with froth and crushed cider cans sunk on its muddy floor. The bellow of traffic, now muted to hard-edged hum. The first indigo morsels of night seeped over the sky. If the city was powered by some vast subterranean engine, then I knew that engine was slowly deactivating for the night. I sloped down the narrow alleyway by the scrap yard, trailing my hands along the wall.

    I knew that Leah waited for me. I was reliable; I’d show up right when I said I would. When I reached it, I stood for a moment outside her door. The paintwork on it was flaking. Leah had given me the only key to the flat, just to ensure everything went smoothly. When I walked in, the gaff was a mess, as per usual. I don’t know why I felt a little shocked walking in though; a part of me thought she might have cleaned the place up as a means of imposing some semblance of finality to her last moments. But of course, what did it matter, really?

    The adrenalin fizzed in my gut. I knew that whatever happened today, I’d carry with me for the rest of my life. As I entered the front room, I saw Leah splayed on the couch, her hair loose and spread-eagled like a net. I stopped dead in my tracks, put the sportsbag down; for a second I thought she’d gone ahead and done herself in without me. When her eyes fluttered open, I exhaled in relief; her eyelids were swollen and red, but a filmy glint still sparked under their weight. She smiled a little at me; she looked relieved.

    I didn’t waste time on pleasantries. I asked her, already knowing the answer, whether she still wanted to go ahead with this. She nodded and then kissed me, for the first and last time. She then lay down on the bed, eyes on the ceiling, and held my hand. A part of me was convinced she just might change her mind, even now on the void’s cusp. But she took the nozzle in her mouth and inhaled deeply. I held the canister for her and left her to it, glancing constantly out the window, conscious of anyone who might be moving around outside. She sucked on the venomous fumes in short, sharp huffs for a full minute, her hand still tight in mine, before finally lying back on the couch, her breathing sounding ever-more stifled. Her limbs seemed to stiffen before finally relaxing. I watched her body until it stilled. She was dead in matter of minutes.

    I sat back in the chair, and breathed in. My head felt clear, wiped clean of all confusion. I didn’t mind that there was now no turning back from all this; I’d find a way to ride it out. But to do that, I had to act fast.

    I pinned a note she’d written with the words ‘Good night and joy be with you all. Leah’ on the table beside her, as per her instructions. I then deleted her number and every text she ever sent to my phone, along with the ones I’d sent to her. I wiped my fingerprints off the gas canister and door-handle, and finally, from her hand. Her flesh still felt warm, tantalizing, against mine. I found myself holding onto it longer than I meant to.

    I then stood up and silently prayed for that cunt of a landlord of hers to keel over in shock the second he saw her body. Before leaving, I took in the sight of her again, calm and shut-eyed and unbreathing. I wondered how long it’d be before she was found; probably until the time came to be evicted. But there was no taking her away from this place now, I knew; not even after it was shuttered-up and sold-off and bulldozed and replaced by another building where a fresh throng of fruitless lives could be stowed away.

    It was dark by the time I left the flat.

  • Artist of the Month: Bordalo II

    The Dublin Red Squirrel was taken down last week. I’m not mad about that as I’m the first one to say that my work is ephemeral, just like everything in life. I also incentivate [sic] progress, rebuilding when necessary, the use of dead areas of towns to make something better, the rehabilitation of the abandoned to give a new life to the city, definitely that’s the right way if it respects the environment and the local culture.

    I’m just sad that that company didn’t keep their word and didn’t wait until Tuesday as had been agreed, because we were making a special plan try to move the piece to a new location and document all the process.

    (Instagram post from b0rdalo-ii, August 6th, 2019)

    That was the Portuguese artist Bordalo II’s reaction to the removal of his installation from Tara Street, Dublin: a massive red squirrel on the window-less side of walls next to Tara Street DART Station. The simple and predictable reason for this sad amputation is the building of a new hotel on the same site.

    The Red Squirrel is part of a series call ‘Trash animals’ spread over twenty-four countries. These are intriguing and provocative installations of endangered species, constructed from discarded products; scrap we don’t need any more, but which are destined to last forever, and contribute to the extinction of these animals.

    Damaged bumpers, burnt garbage cans, and discarded tyres are among the materials that stimulated the artist’s inventiveness. He has transformed these into the shapes of a fox, an ostrich, a stork, a bear, a possum, a racoon, and a lemur. Whether walking through Paris, Los Angeles or Pattaya, it’s better you don’t know when you are going to come across one of these.

    You are greeted by massive, curious creatures: first their vibrant colours from huge murals; after that you make out the ropes and chicken wire used to fabricate hair, the bicycle frames used for bodies, the ball bearings for eyes, and then the appliances and plastic fencing shaping their expressions.

    Bordal II began his career as a graffiti artist, but as he matured, felt a need to express his disgust with the environmental problems of our time. He was inspired, and challenged, by the classical art world, in particular that of his grandfather, Real Bordalo. This brought out new creative processes – active, laborious, and multi-technical – what he calls ‘free-style.’

    He situates his pieces in abandoned places, recycling centres, car body shops, hidden streets; from a simple sketch he begins cutting, drilling, assembling, and finally spray-painting.

    The Dublin Red Squirrel

    The Dublin Red Squirrel project was developed in collaboration with filmmakers Trevor Whelan and Rua Megan, who filmed Bordalo II for two years, bringing him to Dublin, creating with the producer Glenn Collins memorable footage of his installations around Europe in an acclaimed short movie called: ‘Bordalo II: A Life of Waste.’

    Bordalo II chose the red squirrel for Ireland as the animal has been under serious threat of extinction from deforestation and a virus carried by the non-indigenous grey squirrel.

    The piece sends out an acute message, drawing attention to our wastefulness. Forming a creative dialogue with the city and its people, it became a much-loved and effective public art work.

    On August 6th of this year, however, employees of Ronan Group Real Estate, or agents on their behalf, who are reconstructing the building, removed the installation, without warning, and despite a meeting with the filmmakers and the artist, where it had been agreed that they would film the demolition on an agreed date.

    Bordalo II’s sculpture is a masterpiece of its kind, depicting an ongoing environmental crisis. It begs the question as to whether an art work such as this is really ephemeral, when the public take it into their hearts. Is a sculpture simply rubble and rubbish that can be disposed of at the whim of a builder, without considering the artist or those who appreciate it?

    I wonder was this allowed to happen simply because no institution owned or funded it. Is it simply that patrons of the arts are only interested in the old masters and expressions of individual nations, allowing developers to demolish our contemporary inspirations?

    This episode confirms the vision of the artist. The Red Squirrel has reverted to waste products, an experience that reminds us of our own endangered status, our own endangered art.

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  • Mental Disharmony and the Instagram Mask

    A dim, rainy afternoon in August. This summer was not meant to be warm. We didn’t get a chance to shake our wintered souls. We lived in a sort of trapped heat, a fishbowl that had the skin of an overcast sky, blocking any escape for humidity. Sweating in the rain underneath a puffa jacket and thin t-shirt became commonplace.

    I’d like to relieve myself from the thought that my entire mood can be dictated by the weather. Perhaps I need the special lightbulbs for people who have Seasonal Affective Disorder. Four personalities, that’s not too many.

    It’s especially difficult in Ireland to live in the aftermath of what were ‘ground-breaking!’ temperatures the previous year. This was the grieving period. I talked about it to a man who takes the shuttle bus with me to work. The one who makes a point of giving parking instructions to the driver. On this day, he got on late and squeezed into the back next to me.

    ‘See, we had a scorcher last year. It’s only ever one in four.’

    ‘But it’s getting hotter everywhere in the world.’

    ‘Not at all. Climate change? I’d like to see us getting one of them heatwaves.’

    Everyone was talking about it. I eavesdropped in lifts, coffee queues, phone calls. Mournful confessions of changing weekend plans, tensed shoulders that held bags of beach towels and sun lotion, capri shorts that had been soaked on the way to the office. The weather is not small talk for us. It is of genuine concern.

    Even still, I like the soul of a wet summer. It gave me time to consider my reality and not get high off heated daydreams. For the most part, the past three months felt like an infected sleep. As I began to nod off, something would interrupt R.E.M – my cat climbing in from the window with a drunken stumble, the yawn of a midnight aeroplane, the scrapings of the mice that live underneath the floorboards, smelling the return of the cat.

    ‘I thought I’d feel happier in a couple’

    Each day, I would wake with a heavy, unrested head and eyes that couldn’t hide from the hospital yellow of corporate lighting. Living in the city, cushioned by the recent shoot up of tech companies, meant that I was never in perfect, solitary darkness. Except for inside my mind, which is not exactly the same thing as getting blackout blinds.

    Depressive moods are painfully boring for all involved. The after-dinner crying and mood swings did not attract sympathy. They were a burden. I was a burden. I don’t know who came up with the vapid phrase ‘It’s OK not to be OK,’ but it’s been circling social media like a growing tumour. It is definitely not OK not to be OK. And Instagram bloggers writing ‘You can DM me anytime!’ underneath a copy-and-paste list of helpline phone numbers will not make it any more OK.

    What’s the in-between phase? The ‘I haven’t been diagnosed and I don’t support self-diagnosis but there are depressive signs and panic attacks that erupt from some type of unnamed trauma.’ That’s where I was. It’s less dark than the darkest place. But at times, it felt pretty close. There was no fixed reason for the crying. And going through it all while someone was watching meant I had to keep making up reasons.

    ‘I’ve switched birth control, my hormones are adjusting.’

    ‘Work has been hectic. It’s sucking all the energy away for the things I want to do.’

    ‘I’m not sure if living in Dublin is best for me, what with the rent crisis, and how they treat the homeless. It’s hard to see that. Are we supposed to just step over them? Is that what this government wants?’

    I thought I’d feel happier in a couple, as a pair. There has always been two of me. One therapist mused that my feelings of incompleteness comes from my twin sister exiting the womb first.

    ‘She left you behind.’

    It’s an interesting theory. I think it was simpler than that, this time around. I wasn’t protecting my vocation. Everybody has one. Some have many. Mine is currently tied up in a book. Is it possible, I wonder, for me to become mentally sick by not maintaining a writing schedule? It can be scary to think of how much it means. How much it fills. It might be the only thing I am sure about. And I’m not even that sure.

    A billion monthly active users

    The same therapist asked what it would feel like if I changed my Instagram page from selfies to updates on the novel. Pictures of quaint cafés and abandoned cups of coffee, vlogs of chapter progress, inspirational quotes. Well, that would be all well and good if courting still existed in real life. But nowadays, the only way for people to know that you are single is through your social media profile. My friends thought I should announce my updated status like it was a news report.

    ‘It needs to be a little cryptic. Poke fun at yourself. Take a picture of a Marks and Spencer’s meal deal for one with a crying-lauging emoji. Something like wild night in.’

    ‘Seems morbid. I’m not getting divorced.’

    ‘No no, it’s endearing, it’s cute! Or you could screenshot those headphones that say Single Use Only. Underline the single part.’

    I took neither suggestion. I haven’t downloaded any dating apps: first, because I don’t want to date and secondly, because there’s no need. The last few times I’ve spoken to guys on a night out, they asked for my profile name instead of a number.

    Only recently did it occur to me that I labour under a dangerous misconception: that I have control over how people see me. I’m sure I’m not alone in this fantasy. Instagram has fuelled one billion of their monthly users to think the same – why else would we put so much effort and value into what we post?

    Of course we can control how little or how much we post, who sees what and who can message us privately. But there are many uncontrollables too. We have no say over what gets attention or the most likes, or what type of people follow us or what they are expecting. And we can’t decide who watches our weekly, hourly, half-hourly live updates. This last is the most frustrating. I currently have two thousand people watching my stories. The last time I liked someone, I caught myself scrolling those two thousand mini profile names, searching for the name I wanted. One day, I counted the lot eight times. One thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine Insta handles just to place my thumb over the one that mattered. That’s a lot of scrolling.

    ‘Orbiting’

    The best advice I have received has been from my sister, who said: ‘If someone ghosts you, don’t make it mean anything when they still watch your stories. It means absolutely nothing.’

    This was both a relief and a let-down. In case you are unaware of the term ‘ghosting’ the Merriam Webster defines it as: ‘Informal: the practice of suddenly ending all contact with a person without explanation, especially in a romantic relationship.’

    Perhaps this phenomenon has always existed. But in a dual-lens reality, where our lives are being self-documented on this billion-user app, ghosting is taking over the dating scene.

    Instagram seems to have exacerbated the ghosting epidemic by adding the option of ‘orbiting’ after ghosting. Orbiting can be explained by giving zero contact back to a person, usually in the middle of a dating spell, and then continuing to follow, watch, and ‘orbit’ over their profile. Take for example this story of a friend of mine, who was having, she fervently insists, great sex with a guy for a couple of weeks. He ghosted her in the middle of a text conversation about what film they should go and see together. He then unfollowed her but continued to watch all her stories.

    ‘So, he is searching for my name and going onto my profile just to see what I’m up to. That means something!’

    It didn’t. He was back with his ex three weeks later. He continues to orbit happily.

    ‘It seems the more you give, the less you get back’

    Let’s add another important phrase: ‘the thirst trap’. A how-to dating article from the New York Times[1] told me that I will be able to see if someone is interested in me by putting out a thirst trap – a suggestive photo, one where you look attractive or pose at an angle such that your legs appear longer than they really are; or you turn up the saturation on the image to give the illusion of a sun-kissed body. If the person takes the bait – likes it, comments, or the ultimate goal, DM’s you – then you have the answer you want.

    I think I was unknowingly sending out thirst traps the weeks before my relationship broke down. It seemed to get more likes the less clothes I wear. I don’t resent that. I’m not blaming society or anything. But I’ve learned that a couple of hundred likes for a bikini picture will not make me feel better. Any positive comments and ‘Yaaas queen’s’ are usually silenced by the fear of coming across as vacuous and self-obsessed.

    Women’s bodies have been sexualised for decades with little control or choice; it’s ironic that now that we are starting to take ownership of that sexuality on a platform that in many ways is an empowering marketplace for us, we get judged for doing so.

    Times where I was posting the thirstiest traps were also times where I felt the most depressed. The itch in me to keep up with this dual setting of virtual and real: the first where I have well-placed make-up, regularly sea swim and make vegan lasagne with homemade garlic bread, was never satisfied. It seems the more you give, the less you get back in real life. I think it’s important to question what we lose when we give so much to something that ultimately thrives off ego expression.

    Recently I posted a selfie in good lighting with the caption ‘getting that Vitamin D.’ On the same day I had to take two Xanax after an hour-long panic attack that caused me to hyperventilate and bang my head against a glass table until it swelled. It’s harder to see the hypocrisy in the moment. It’s harder still when the only person who can see the hypocrisy is yourself. Instagram allowed me to maintain an existence when I didn’t want to exist.

    ‘I go swimming without filming it’

    One of my favourite bands CocoRosie have a song called ‘The Sea is Calm’. This is how the last couple of weeks have sounded. If the Amazon forest is the earth’s lungs, then the sea is our blood. Washing us clean, restoring, renewing again. I’m out of the darkness, looking back on it like an estranged friend whose name escapes me. Hearing the soft patter of my mother’s slippers on the wooden floorboards and being coated in the damp air of salt and bamboo leaves. This saved me.

    Back at home in our lilac beachtown, I’ve found renewed love for my sisters. I didn’t think it was possible for that love to strengthen. There’s always been so much of it. I see the babies every other day, feeding their sleepy eyes with berries for breakfast; filling their cups with chocolate milk and kisses. I go swimming without filming it. The grip of Instagram has weakened.

    There was no revenge picture. I’ve stopped looking at story views. I’ve been shit at putting up pictures, just blurry videos of being stoned with my forever friends surrounded by someone’s pet cat. I am rich in love. I feel thankful for the rainy summer. Sitting inside, feeling trapped, facing darkness and finding release, that probably would never have happened if we’d had a Climate Change heatwave.

    And only two more years of shitty summers to go, then we’re onto the magical fourth.

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    [1] Valeria Safronova, ‘Instagram Is Now a Dating Platform, Too. Here’s How It Works.’, The New York Times, December 21st, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/style/instagram-thirst-traps-dating-breakups.html.

  • V.I.P.

    Pint-sized, the pub was a little too far off from Glendalough for foreigners to find.

    It hadn’t been designed for domesticated dads on the quest to Clara Lara Fun Park, but the Maze in Greenan grew close enough to spew a few tourists and persistent purists seeking a pew, found Byrne’s quaint. That faintly disowned dollhouse quality evaporated when the bottom of your boot slapped its splintered threshold. Indolent heads within would spin to squint right through you at the sun dipping down behind the clip clop of a horse drawn hearse bearing another soul for the sake of a wake.

    Byrne’s was dim. A tiny terrarium brimming with the torpitude of one too many scorpions sizing each other up to skim. These regulars would’ve been pegged as extras in a spaghetti western if to a man, they weren’t planning the next Tet Offensive. Almost posthumous their hostility arose like a mausoleum wall, a tall wave that drained down in to a frown of disdain aimed at your jugular. And still smug from having made the trip, you gave in to its grip at your throat for a remote reason. The profound desire to drink on the QT.

    They pointed toward the tumbleweeds out back when you needed to pee. And speaking of shoot-outs, I’ll spill the beans. Whatever you’ve heard about the casualty, it wasn’t involuntary manslaughter or a willing killing spree. It’s just an empty building left standing there. The little bar wasn’t bulldozed so far or bought but I’m distraught at any cost. Something’s been lost. I’m concerned that Byrne’s chose to turn up its toes.

    Inculcated in the mulch, every human needs a hutch condoned, a venerated touchstone. We’re a race that embraces the serenity only a proper pub extends to the psyche of men. Octopus-like a good publican can placate a pelican like me, simultaneously serving his minions and concoct potions or a myth of origin over porridge. And all without a pen.

    Moving over to the other side of these mountains, put paid to one perspective. The perfect pub is not a given, but decisively lived by certain soldiers who sharpen their blade on a constant crusade. Or not. Some people don’t bother anymore, what with the smoking ban, and joke if you can about choking into a breathalyzer at a morning roadblock. Locking up a driver on his way to work for where he lurked last night ain’t right.

    Borders breed discord. And barely a hare’s breath from Kildare, soon as I laid eyes on its pleasing proportions, I resorted to Seamus Mooney’s. The golden mean of authentic pub architecture should not be seen in its medieval and muscular design. King Solomon’s mines might buy more splendour to polish and sorely miss when it’s demolished. But the magical math, the real ratio kicks in when we leave a patriarchal landmark. If bereaved by darkness, we don’t have to head to the parking lot because we’re in crawling distance from home. Mr. Mooney’s genome heaved with a hundred years in the bar business but by far his most redeeming feature as a host was offering creature comforts just a laugh away from me gaff.  On foot, torch in hand, you understand the pitiless rhythm of my pilgrimages soon overruled scrimmages about the new tenant that moved in to the Old School.

    Seamus would’ve stood out even if the village weren’t so small. Always impeccably attired he presided like an influential sufi over precious sessions in a men’s shed of broad shoulders surgically enmeshed. Blameless and merely mortal, Mr. Mooney one day sealed his portal to his disciples’ dismay. I’ve the memories of a minx amongst Manxmen. And for that, when I pass a cherished pub now perished, I know I owe them an eternal thanks.

    These refined emporia of euphoria do decline into mostly ghostly relics in the sticks. Their saintly bones are tainted, facades repainted and tarted up for retail. Or I suppose like Moses in the reeds, you find them floating in weeds behind a sign saying For Sale.

    It was four years before I figured out Fridays were fun at Fletchers. Wade into its winsome symmetry, and there’s a sort of trinity that wins: See, Sound, Smell. This holy well of Tommy Fletcher’s had it in spades. Like a cathedral on speed it met all my needs for alcohol and deep thinking drinking pals. Tommy was born right upstairs and he’s kind of famous, a king of Kildare because once he ejected The Rolling Stones from his bar. Tommy did this in spite of band member Ronnie Wood being a fairly good customer in Fletcher’s hallowed halls. Even the boxer, Conor McGregor, comes from Crumlin to Naas in honour of this place. No fight there. But what licked me like a ton of bricks, was Tommy’s retirement. It hit me hard. How to retard this tide of bad luck? Like a nemesis I stalked the auction of this licensed premises. And it doesn’t suck for Tommy, because Fletcher’s fetched over a million bucks.

    But seriously, when they send in the clowns, where will our bender be? Do you not cringe at being hurled in to a world without a whiff of irony, undefended by the odd binge? Thirst aside, when that very important pub has died, if the last snug hugging Lugnaquilla comes unhinged, we’ll not have the first place to hide.

  • Mould Into Shape

    It has the power to last for a thousand years, but is often only used once. It is cheap to produce but expensive to dispose of. It has revolutionised the world of medicine and science, making it impossible to live without. Polyethylene Terephthalate, High-Density Polyethylene, Low-Density Polyethylene and Polyvinyl Chloride.

    What is it? Why do we use it? Where does it go?

    Mould Into Shape is a new sound-based performance which will premiere in the Dublin Fringe Festival this September. The listener is invited to hop on board a travelling soundscape of Dublin’s coast to unearth our national relationship to the material of plastic.

    Mould Into Shape has been devised over a two month period working with abstract sounds, conversations and collected interviews. Our aim is to create a tapestry of opinion, melting together the thoughts of nature specialists, politicians, civil servants, plastic researchers, children, cosmetic surgeons, waste disposers, commuters, etc. to create a poignant  and honest insight into how the material has gradually become an integral part of modern life over the last sixty years.

    The genesis of the project came about as a result of conversations between myself and my collaborator Shanna May Breen in 2018, while taking part in the Next Stage Programme as part of the Dublin Theatre Festival in partnership with Theatre Forum. At this time, we were seeing a large volume of international productions and engaging in conversations with colleagues around what our values were as global citizens – how we interpreted the world, and what art could do to engage with the climate crisis.

    We became really interested in the material of plastic, and the sheer scale of consumption going on in the world at the moment, particularly closer to home here in Ireland.

    We had the idea to create a meditation on action, to weave together multiple opinions rather than to yell our own. Shanna and I thought a lot about the idea of a pilgrimage, and how people go on seismic journeys all the time for religious or spiritual reasons, and began to imagine what it would be like to take a pilgrimage through sound, in honour of a material that has a complex and layered history, and which now occupies so much space in our life.

    Myself and Shanna May Breen are not from Dublin. I am from a small town called Lanesborough (just on the River Shannon) in Co. Longford, while Shanna hails from Birr in Co. Offaly. As two rural artists occupying space in the urban landscape of Dublin, we thought a lot about what it would be like bringing the audience outside of the city to a site that is directly affected by the material.

    As part of Mould Into Shape, we want to take people on a shared experience of individual listening. Expect some heartfelt truths, an actual journey, possibly some rain and most importantly a topic that can’t be neglected for much longer.

    Mould Into Shape

    by Luke Casserly and Shanna May Breen

    Presented as part of Dublin Fringe Festival, 2019

    Meeting point @ Science Gallery, Dublin

    21 September 12:15, 15:00, 18:30

    22 September 11:00, 14:45, 18:25

    Duration: 135 mins, with part of the performance taking place outdoors.

    Tickets €16/14 (concession)

    More information on booking: https://www.fringefest.com/festival/whats-on/mould-into-shape

    Team Details:

    Created by: Luke Casserly and Shanna May Breen

    Produced by: Richie O’Sullivan

    A co-commission by Dublin Fringe Festival and Science Gallery, Dublin. Supported by Pan Pan Platform at Dublin Fringe Festival in partnership with AOB Arts Management. Initially developed as part of the Next Stage Programme as part of Dublin Theatre Festival 2018.

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  • Reclaiming from Conservatism Perhaps the Greatest Irish Intellectual Edmund Burke

    A past competition, now sadly in abeyance, used to involve arguing over who was the greatest Irish intellect. The English held a similar competition some years ago and, unsurprisingly, chose Churchill ahead of Shakespeare.

    God knows what would happen if we had a referendum or phone-in-vote to decide this in Ireland today. Who might figure in our short-term attention span universe? Miriam O’Callaghan, Eamonn Dunphy or Bono present themselves as awful possibilities; Michael McDowell or even Leo Varadkar might even turn up.

    Yet, if we were to take such matters seriously, I think we should consider Edmund Burke the most influential and important Irish intellectual of all time. In fact, The Great Melody, as Conor Cruise O’Brien’s 1993 book on Burke is called – from William Butler Yeats’s 1933 poem ‘The Seven Sages’ – amplifies over time, and the poem unites Burke with Swift, and Goldsmith, in their hatred of oppression:

    The First American colonies, Ireland, France and India harried and Burke’s great melody against it.
    (from W. B. Yeats’s ‘The Winding Stair’, 1933).

    It is that hatred of oppression and injustice that makes him as relevant now as he ever was to Irish, U.K. and International Affairs. Of course, ‘The Great Melody’ of his life was a hatred of injustice, an overarching commitment to the truth and confrontation of the abuse of power.

    Commitment to the truth is badly needed in our post-truth universe, given the extent to which dissonance and disinformation has been disseminated by the alt-right and neo-cons.

    It seems deeply odd then that the right should venerate Burke and regard him as the founder and progenitor of Conservatism. George Bush had a plinth of him in the White House, as I believe did David Cameron.

    Republican Party ideologues, such as the towering figure of William F. Buckley, venerated Burke, and sought to convert Burkeian conservatism to nascent neo-liberalism. Buckley provided the intellectual foundations for this through such texts as God and Man in Yale (Regnery Publishing, 1953), and his editorship of the republic party intellectual rag The National Review.

    Buckley mis-translates Burke’s ideas into a diabolical, individualism or libertarianism. Indeed, other conservatives of that era despised Buckley for drawing Conservatism away from the spirit of Burke’s ‘community of souls’, and towards naked self-interest. This has led to the undermining of state institutions and now their actual takeover by the corporatocracy.

    Buckley was a brilliant but repellent human being, as is very evident in the documentary made about his media punditry with Gore Vidal during the 1968 American election (‘Best of Enemies’). He has had an enormous, understated influence in moving the Republican party, via Reagan, towards Libertarianism and the disaster capitalism that is with us now.

    Yet the Republican Party and indeed much of the present Conservative party are not conservatives in the Burkean sense. They are neo-liberal extremists.

    Traditional Conservatism

    Burke was a moderate Conservative in the Disraelian sense, dedicated to preserving those traditions that ought to be preserved, and his career is an idiosyncratic mixture of radicalism and conservatism. He believed in the desirability of change, but not for its own sake, and advocated that all transitions should be incremental, with antennae raised to unintended consequences:

    Burke was also a passionately anti-extremist. His oft-criticised text ‘Reflections on The Revolution in France/French Revolution (1790),’ is a harbinger of doom – that might apply to latter day extremism and jihadism.

    It came before the blood-letting of the Terror, and the rise of the authoritarian strongman, which he had predicted. Take a bow Mr. Bonaparte. Take a bow Mr. Varadkar. Take a bow Mr. Trump. Take a bow Mr. Orban. I included those three as I would argue that the neo-liberalism they implement is a form of extremism – a new-fangled corporate fascism. I very much doubt whether Burke would endorse its excesses.

    Unlike neo-liberals, Burke believed in an ideal of a community as a group of associative obligations and reciprocal interactions. A moral and networked community. In contrast, the neo-liberal ideology is based on social atomisation and fragmentation. As Margaret Thatcher put it: ‘There is no such thing as society only individuals.’ This is a view running contrary to a Burkean ethos.

    In contemporary terms Burke might even be described as a Rawlsian or, dare I say it, a Keynesian capitalist which is precisely what Buckley was attacking.

    Burke might also appeal to environmentalists as he saw community as inter-generational: ‘Society becomes a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born.’

    He held a defined sense of the public good that was not just where the dice landed in the casino capitalism of the market. Further, though a passionate advocate of rights and liberties, he was also a passionate advocate of restraint and moderation. He believed that rights should not be reduced to untrammelled liberties and licentious anarchy.

    Dislike of Crony Capitalism

    Though a conservative in terms of his invocation of habit, tradition and social order, as well as measures of fiscal rectitude, he was, conversely, an opponent of these in many respects.

    He led a hate campaign, lasting many years, against a man of significant merit, Warren Hastings and the East Indian Company, predicated, at one level, on dislike of the abuse of corporate and private power – what we now describe as ‘crony capitalism.’ This makes me certain he would have no truck with the excesses of neo-liberalism, the cartelisation of wealth and assets by elites, or the enforcement of austerity measures.

    After all, he grew up in an Ireland devastatingly captured by Dean Jonathan Swift’s satire ‘A Modest Proposal’ (1729) –  also part of ‘The Great Melody’. The Malthusian liquidation of the poor and disenfranchised inflicted in that period by British absentee capitalists is now being revisited, this time by neo-liberal extremists, whether from Brussels, or Canadian and American vulture funds.

    Burke’s Irish background of course influenced a lot of what he did. It engendered sympathy with the underdog, which threads through his career and was perhaps in no small measure a product of his Quaker education.

    Burke believed in the free market and free trade but not cartels or monopolies. He would surely be horrified by the Ireland we see today: a country controlled by oligarchical capitalism, and ruled by vulture funds and banks, along with a Euro-cracy imposing austerity, after a catastrophe for which it shares responsibility.

    An important point to bear in mind about Burke was that he was effectively in debt for most of his life; the threat of bankruptcy exposing him to the peril of losing his parliamentary seat, and ending up, like Mr. Micawber, in a debtor’s prison.

    Many of these debts were accrued through a resolutely independent cast of mind, and failure to sell out or cash in. Remaining true to one’s principle, then and now, is a luxury few can afford.

    He did not univocally criticise the concept of a revolution, and indeed supported the American Revolution in the face of great criticism. His argument was that they had been the victim of oppression and an injustice, which is the stand he always took. I would go so far as to say he would support such groups as Extinction Rebellion, or in Ireland the Anti-Austerity Alliance.

    Perhaps he would even have supported Brexit for similar reasons to his support of The Boston Tea Party. He held a melange of contrarian views, curiously relevant to this day and age – a qualified support for justified rebellion reveals an intellect neither exclusively right nor left.

    His life is a fascinating study, and his global influence is perhaps only paralleled by a select number of other Irish lives, such as Roger Casement’s. Here is someone who was privy to the inner machinations of two establishments, and though an outsider – and only an intermittent parliamentarian – the greatest statesman of his age, if not by universal acclaim then by consensus.

    Statesmanship

    That of course leads to the question of what statesmanship amounts to.

    First, I believe it involves standing back from the fray and detaching oneself; retaining independence and objectivity. Secondly, it requires that one does not sing exclusively from the party hymn sheet or accept the whip. Thirdly, a statesman does not court popularity.

    All these attributes of Burke’s statesmanship are evident in a critical electoral pamphlet he wrote on his obligations to constituents. In short, he committed to representing their interests fearlessly, but as a representative not a delegate. He would take an independent stance and not simply act as an amanuensis or conduit of popular views.

    His independence of mind – as it always does – alienated many. His opposition to anti-extremism prompted opposition to the French Revolution, but support for the Boston Tea Party and the American Revolution against British rule. This was intellectually consistent as the American revolutionaries upheld British values of liberty, and were subject to unjust rule from a distant, unaccountable, power. In deciding to oppose the French Revolution, on the other hand, he was resisting the rule of the mob and the sans culottes, with their appeals to abstract rights.

    This was also a conservative who inveighed against British injustice in Ireland. He was a staunch defender of the rule of law, and of the curtailment of arbitrary power, but he had little time for abstract rights. In this he was of course a product of his times. Indeed, Jeremy Bentham, his near contemporary, describe Natural Law as ‘nonsense on stilts.’

    He thus rejected the notional constitutional guarantees in the French Revolutionary Declaration of ‘The Rights of Man’ (1793). Similarly, the Irish Constitution exists in theory, but in practice the Court has done next to nothing over the past twenty years to protect the human rights contained therein, and curtail the abuses of state or private power.

    Far better for Bentham and Burke were empirically grounded protections, upheld by independent-minded magistrates. Both thus supported a legislatively grounded rule of law, not abstract aspirations, involving a precise relationship of rights to facts, and specific sets of circumstances.

    Through all of this in Burke there is a distinctly non-British quality, that of the wild Fenian intelligence, a passion grounded in reason, where rights are earned and injustices exposed through procedures and venerable processes.

    It is I think wrong to consider him a great theoretician. But he remains a great intellectual inspiration. Most of his central themes he expressed in ‘A Philosophical Enquiry into The Origin of our Ideas of The Sublime and The Beautiful’ (1757). There he displays empathy and imagination, a belief in social order but one related to religious belief. A commitment to human reason but an acceptance of bounded rationality.

    Thus, there are many themes that are not merely of historical interest but deeply relevant for the present day and age.

    Continued Relevance

    In summary, I regard Burke as the greatest Irish intellect of all time, as his ideas have stood the test of time and remain relevant to contemporary concerns. That relevance to our present dark age of late capitalism is for the following reasons:

    1. Burke offered a voice of reason and moderation, increasingly lacking in an age of extremes.
    2. He maintained a commitment to the truth and the rule of law, both of which are sorely lacking today That also entails a commitment to due process – although not airy notions of natural law which at times he is guilty of expressing. But in general his ideas follow the line that no man should be a judge in his own cause – an important point in view of how the corporatocracy now seeks to purchase justice and insulate themselves from prosecution.
    3. The statesmanship he adhered to was independent and uncompromised by support from vested interests; a politician must be able to distinguish between his private interests and the public interest or common good.
    4. Burke’s esteems for a community of interacting responsibilities recalls another of his contemporaries, John Donne, who wrote: ‘No man is an island.’ Burke is scathing of individual vanity and corporate greed that lays waste to communities – witness his often hysterical and sustained campaign against the not altogether nefarious Warren Hastings.

    In making the argument that Burke was the greatest Irish intellect, it is important to bear in mind that such a crown is not the sole preserve of left of right. Indeed, I can excuse his hatred of atheists. Then, and now, Irish Catholicism represents a pathological condition, and it obviously influenced an at times over-veneration of custom and tradition.

    I would argue that Burke also held too great an esteem for the common prejudice of the ordinary man. That is a dangerous approach used by ideologues of a deeply sinister variety, such as Mr. Bannon, who amplify an inherent fear of the other to dupe the masses.

    Burke did not uncritically accept the views of the common man, as is evident in his crisp understanding of the difference between being a representative, as opposed to a delegate on behalf of his constituents.

    He is admittedly only tenuously linked to the Enlightenment tradition of reason. Some, indeed, dismissed him as a mystic seer. Certainly, if he had met Voltaire at a dinner party that acid rationalist might have rudely dismissed him as a Romantic; another contemporary Edward Gibbons described him as ‘a rational madman.’

    Alas there is little intellectual tradition in Ireland of rigorous Philosophy, and what we are left with is Burke, who was not a systematic thinker, but a statesman, a writer, an orator and a commanding intellectual presence. He was a remarkably effective human being. His legacy for humanity is esteems for the rule of law, empiricism, anti-extremism, independence of mind and action, as well as moderation and balance. These are qualities in short supply in our time.

    I fear, however, that if a poll were to be taken in contemporary Ireland that it is more likely that it would be Jedward not Edmund who would come out on top.

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  • Musician of the Month: Stefano Schiavocampo

    The life of any piece of music is unpredictable. From its birth, flowing from the mind and fingers of the composer, the new-born takes delicate steps across rudimentary harmonies, revealing fragments of thoughts and emotions as it goes on. Its heart takes shape first, and then the brain. This can be sufficient.

    Sometimes a piece is sufficiently enticing and inspiring to be granted a degree of permanence through the cumulative enthusiasm of listeners. This has happened to many folk songs, created somewhere, somehow in the mists of time. Hearts and brains found a passage, a vehicle, through the lungs and fingers of others besides the author, raising the majestic creature to adulthood, until that moment when the song exists, in its own right, detached from the man or woman that translated it from the cosmic tongue.

    In this time of continuous noise, any musician releases their new-born with a sense of terror. How can one expose a beloved creature to this homogeneous ocean of grey matter called the Internet? Like nectar dropping into a pool of gasoline, its ripples will surely be swallowed by waves of ill-conceived music.

    That was my feeling anyway, until the editor suggested using this platform to release my latest record.

    Phew.

    Now I feel better. I may even try to tell you guys about it.

    In 2015 I left Dublin to its lunacy of multinationals. Not without regret. As a traveling musician I had found in the city a place to share, learn, and grow within myself alongside others. Under the jig-lit ceilings of pubs, the multiverse of festivals and the intimacy of tiny gigs in tiny places, I discovered a temporary oasis.

    Then, enough was enough, I embarked on a new adventure.

    For a long time after returning to my native Italy I felt torn and lonely. I was missing Ireland to the extent that it felt like a bereavement.

    At that point I got back into the work of a writer who has helped me understand the person I was while living on the island. I began translating into Italian John Moriarty’s mighty work Dreamtime, a project that remains to be completed. It was hard but illuminating work. Delving deeper and deeper, the map of the above-ground Ireland I had walked merged in my vision with a subterranean other world.

    As this happened a map of myself – displaced somehow – began to fit inside the edges of the Ireland I held in my heart, acting on it like sand-paper. Something had been released.

    I began to write furiously.

    The record opens with ‘Krymska’ (1), a song drawing on fragments of T.S. Eliot’s poem ‘Ash Wednesday.’

    Eliot has been among my favourite poets since adolescence. I return to him every year, always finding a little more depth, and even greater sense. The affinity between him and John Moriarty is huge: the same religious impulse arising from a deeply critical view of Western society and its cold, controlled rationality; finding resolution in the spiritual awakening of a man confronting nature alone, freed from the heavy structure of Catholicism and emancipated from a dominant materialism.

    These are feelings which we all have to deal with: what is our connection with the place we inhabit? What imprint am I entitled to leave on the land I walk?

    I believe a new wave of spirituality offers solutions to the injustices and devastations of our times: that is to say the gross inequalities in wealth and the rape of nature. But if we are to progress as humanity, we must first progress as individuals, finding within ourselves the essence of the world we wish to walk upon, and love. If you have read Krisnamurti you will understand.

    That is why I find these writers so inspiring: each traces a path towards a better Western man – someone who does not deny the mighty achievement of our society (democracy or theatre for instance), but passes them through a filter of a kind of spirituality often considered Oriental.

    And what a glorious turn in history it would be to witness a globalisation of spiritual beings!

    That is the main focus of my record, the title Metamorphose!, is both an invitation and an invocation to people around me and far away, and to myself too.

    In ‘Minotaur’ (2), a divisive political leader discovers that the walls he once erected among people are now divisions within his own psyche, and that the monsters he jailed for their individualities are now rising up.

    And now it’s your time to tell me’ (3) is a love song to John Moriarty. It’s a eulogy to a metamorphic soul who has touched many aspects of being in this world.

    I love thinking of him now. Ethereal in a space of no judgment, unequivocally carnal and majestic, his spirit flies towards human consciousness helping us reach a critical departure. He softly bends a wand – like the lightest bird diving into the ocean – towards a raging humanity; a presence ultimately devoid of purpose and freed from desire. Oh what a perfect place for you to be at John.

    In ‘Desert dogs’ (4) I recall a strange incident when I was attacked by starving wild dogs while journeying through the Atlas Mountain in Morocco. In the song, they eat me alive, transforming me into one of them so I can survey humanity from another point of view.

    In ‘Metamorphose’ (5) I trace my family origins to discover the first seedlings of my disposition to change and capacity for adaptation to confront the abyss.

    House by nowhere’ (6) is a parallel look at both the place I live in at the moment, an isolated house among Tuscan fields, and the Dublin life I led.

    In its peace’ (7) is a folk tale for our troubled times. A migrant travels up towards the Mediterranean Sea, knowing it is both a place of departure and arrival, where all love ends and all love may start again.

    It took me then three years to arrange and record the album, and to find the right place to publish it. It is a little present to John Moriarty and to all his loving readers, a eulogy of sorts, which, although it may not exceed its form, carries all the hope that emerges from studying the intricate patterns woven by the author.

    For the full album click here:

    Sincerely, Stefano

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  • George

    Yesterday, I met George. Several times before I’d seen him working on my corner, where Pontchartrain Boulevard crosses Veterans Boulevard. For our part of New Orleans, he was unique. George was black, very black, and very strong. Very strong and yet very confined to a wheelchair. From a hundred feet down the street, I’ll tell you what stood out was how powerfully he propelled his chair.

    A few days before, I’d decided I would try to get to know George. Marginalized to the grassy median, he perches on its curb, and poised there, he hopes to benefit from oncoming traffic in the left lane. So approaching that corner in the far-right turning lane, I was always too far away from George.

    Over the last few years, by observation I’ve analysed the various types of our ‘corner workers’ around town. You’ll yield to the sort that wash your windshield, and find others looking for support, if you put your mind to it. I attempt to aid those in need and avoid financing the next fix for chronic alcoholics, addicts, and freeloaders. I suppose like most people, I lumped them all together, under the label ‘Bums.’

    But I learned a thing or two from my daughter. Leslie developed a kind of understanding with every panhandler on Royal Street. She regularly encountered the same characters on her daily walk home. She knew them and they knew her. Sometimes Leslie doled out the odd tip, but there was always a cordial exchange. That inspired my curiosity, and I began to chat up corner-workers. Pressing a few bucks into a palm, I’d politely inquire if I could “put a name to a face” and sometimes glean a little more about their particular challenges.

    So yesterday it was a little after 5 p.m. when I saw George on the far corner. I drove home, parked my car in our garage and took a $20 bill out of my wallet. That’s a far larger denomination than my typical handout. But by the time I walked back to the corner, George was gone. Like a flywheel, he reeled furiously back up Pontchartrain Boulevard and there was no way I would overtake him. But finally he paused at a spot I later learned to be his bus stop. And that’s where I gave him the cash. I told him my name and spent the next twenty minutes talking to George.

    He’s not tall but his barrel chest and muscular arms are topped by a big bald head. Missing a few teeth, he’s a true entrepreneur who knows his business. George has to be, because he’s got no legs.

    The right one ends just above his knee and the left is shorter. At forty-nine years of age, he’s been married to the same wife his whole life, and they have teenage children who’re doing well in school. Being on dialysis for seventeen years, he gradually lost his limbs. George lives in the 9th Ward of New Orleans where he and his wife bought their modest house years ago. He told me, ‘I wouldn’t continue if it wasn’t for my kids. I’d just be a homeless and live on the street, much easier.’

    George picks his corner work-stations carefully. Our corner sees desirable drivers coming from Lakeview, an affluent neighbourhood. The traffic light is long there. I mean it remains red for an excruciating length of time. Too bad George can only “work” the first car that stops in the left lane, as wheeling in the grass isn’t a viable option. All things considered, he said it’s worth the long trip across town from his home to here, that is, to my corner. George took the bus at 5:30pm, expecting to arrive home, with luck, by 7pm. That’s quite a commute after a day’s worth of gruelling work.  George is an exceptional individual. But I suspect everyone on the street has a story.

    The solution to homelessness and hunger is simple. We can sink these hardships in a single stroke. Let’s provide room and board for the ignored. Raise the minimum wage and those half a million people seeking shelter will be able to afford a home. We could make quite a dent in these sobering statistics for cents on the dollar. Building safe places with public baths where people can shower, and launder their clothes in a pinch, would be a cinch. Some presidential candidates propose to eliminate poverty by instituting a universal stipend for all citizens. Why? Because the expense compares favourably to the price of programmes already on offer; those outdated doles that drain our coffers.

    All we lack now is the political will, written down in black and white, up on Capitol Hill. Clearly, cost can’t be a factor, when the impact of a fairly assessed universal income tax promises a pax humana. But in the land of milk and honey, our politics are controlled by money. Money that slobbers over obstacles, when if wisely spent it will pave the way toward intelligent jobs, and deployment for the indigent. There exists plenty enough to forge a gorgeous future. For all of us. You, me and George.

    Featured Image Jacob Pynas ‘The Good Samaritan.’

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  • Exclusive: Brazilian Indigenous Leader Condemns Failure to Protect the Amazon

    Institutes such as the Amazon Man and Environment (IMAZON) and the National Space Research (INPE) have pointed to increased deforestation throughout the Amazon region. Although the data preliminary, the increase in the range of felling and burning is very significant, raising major concerns over the safety of indigenous peoples.

    Francisco Piyãko, leader of the Ashaninka tribe and president of the Juruá River Indigenous Peoples Organization (OPIRJ), warns Brazilian society about the consequences of these criminal acts, the Amazon being one of the main regulators of the global climate and rainfall.

    Today, in this forest, we are witnessing and seeing the fire, which is burning the Amazon as a whole. this deforestation, this impact which has no borders.

    This is going to be very bad for all of us.

    We saw São Paulo getting dark because of the smoke one afternoon.

    We need to have the ability now to understand the reality that nature has a limit.

    The Amazon doesn’t have the size; it does have a certain capacity to deal with this situation for a while, but it can lose this capacity; and without the Amazon, everyone living here will suffer a lot, but it won’t be just here. We all need to understand this.

    The value of forests cannot only be thought of in our generation; it is our future!

    If we all understand the importance of the forest, it makes it simpler for us all to unite around this cause.

    We cannot have and see the Amazon as something that is not ours, no matter where you are.

    Millions of poor people are starving around of the world.

    They are miserable because we destroy everything.

    And we are still thinking of burning more.

    What thoughts do we have to help the state, the country, the government, and humanity to rethink again the future?

    I think that we are here, to show as one the biggest examples for the history of the world, to protect the forest – with awareness, and with valuing the diversity as well as the culture and species that the jungle gives life to today.

    (translated by Bartholomew Ryan)

    Deforestation is a long-term concern. Smoke from forest fires has already spread to cities, with consequences for human health; it degrades the soil to such an extent that small-scale agriculture becomes impossible. Deforestation directly affects families that are trying to survive in the jungle.

    In the long run, the destruction of the Amazon accelerates climate change, affecting agriculture and drinking water consumption worldwide, as well as destroying biodiversity that is invaluable to the national economy and the region’s residents.

    Among farmers, unfortunately, all the talk of is of a new freedom to destroy the forest. Connected to this is the dismantling of national policies to combat deforestation and promote economic alternatives, such as that administered by the Amazon Fund, along with attacks on NGOs set up to protect the Amazon region, including INPE, IBAMA and ICMBio.

    Article translated by Felipe Lopes.
    Images
    © Arison Jardin

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  • An Open Letter to the Irish Supreme Court in Response to the Angela Kerins Decision

    To My Fellow-Citizens in the Supreme Court,

    I write this letter because I think your decision in the Angela Kerins case creates a crisis in the government of this country. It will be critical of that decision and of some decisions of your predecessors, but please do not react to it defensively, or reject it out of hand.  Its aim is to urge you to address and cure a problem, and it invites a positive response, though it does not hide or gloss over the fact that if its arguments are right, you and your predecessors share much of the responsibility for the problem it discusses.

    The ‘Doctrine’ of Enumerated Rights

    Article 15.2.1o of our Constitution vests in the Oireachtas the sole and exclusive power of making laws for the State. The role of judges is to administer justice in courts established by law (Art 34.1) and every judge promises to uphold the Constitution and the laws (Art 34.5.1o). The Constitution you promised to uphold, obviously, is the text the Irish People adopted, enacted and gave to themselves in 1937, with any amendments made by referendum since then.

    The laws you promise to uphold can only be those enacted by the Oireachtas under its sole and exclusive power. The only limit on that power is that if the Oireachtas enacts a law that is ‘repugnant to the Constitution or any provisions thereof’, you are authorised to annul it. (Arts 15.4.1o and 34.3.2o). But since 1965 judges have put a gloss on that concept.

    The following is an attempt to describe how it operates: first, you entertain claims by Plaintiffs that they have a legal right not mentioned in the Constitution; then you label the claimed right an ‘enenumerated right’; next you deem that an ‘unenumerated right’ to be included in the text of our Constitution, though it is not, so that finally, you annul legislation incompatible with that ‘unenumerated right’, as though it had been ‘repugnant to the Constitution’ within the meaning of Article 15.4.1o.

    Undeniably, this process has produced good results. It liberated Mary McGee from a situation where she and her husband had to choose between celibacy and her probable death, because of a foolish law, with sectarian overtones, that forbade the importation or sale of contraceptives. It also contributed to partially dismantling our disgraceful ‘Direct Provision’ system, though only by ignoring the fact that (with one exception) our Constitution guarantees rights only to citizens. But it is open to criticism on the following grounds:

    1. It allows you effectively to amend our Constitution by deeming it to include provisions the Irish people did not vote for;
    2. It thereby circumvents Article 47 of our Constitution, which provides that only we, the Irish People, may amend it;
    3. Good government requires that citizens should be able to find out what the law is. Nobody can tell in advance what new ‘unenumerated right’ you judges are going to discover or what existing Statute you may annul. So, nobody can say for sure what the law is.
    4. Judges introducing new rights into our law involves two things. First, it means you repeal Statute Law enacted by the Oireachtas, as if it were repugnant to the Constitution, though it is not.  (You may label the process annulment, not repeal, but that is a legal fiction.)  Secondly, it means you make law.

    All of these are serious matters, but the fourth is the most worrying to a thoughtful citizen. Our Constitution’s primary aim is to create a democratic State, where all powers of government derive from the People (Arts 5 & 6). In order to achieve that objective, it does a number of things.

    First, it declares that all citizens are equal before the law (Art 40). Next, it requires elections to the Dáil to be by proportional representation, and provides that elections cannot be indefinitely postponed, so that the Dáil must return reasonably often to the People to renew its mandate (Art.16). Then, it ensures that the Dáil will be the dominant House of the Oireachtas (Arts 16, 23 & 24). Finally, it vests in the Oireachtas the sole and exclusive power to make laws for the State (Art 15.2).

    These Articles together constitute the machinery that delivers to the Irish People a State where all citizens are equal, all have equal rights to vote for our representatives, and to remove them if they fail to satisfy us, and those representatives are the only people who may make laws for that State. They are the machinery that delivers the democracy our Constitution promises. Any interference with that machinery undermines our democracy.

    Our Constitution says your function is to administer justice in Courts established by law (Art 34.1). But what does ‘justice’ mean? Or, to put it another way, who decides what justice requires and what it permits? Is it for you judges to define what is just and what is not, and to decide issues that come before you accordingly?

    Or does someone else decide what justice requires, and is your authority limited to administering justice, not defining it? The answer must surely be in Article 15.2, mentioned above, which vests the sole and exclusive power of making laws for the State in the Oireachtas. Clearly, neither the drafters of our Constitution nor the citizens who in 1937 voted to adopt it intended that there should be two systems of right and wrong in the State, one consisting of laws made by our elected legislators and another, identified by judges, called ‘justice,’ and superior to mere law. That would be inconsistent with the basic promise of our Constitution, that ours is to be a democratic State. It would also be absurd.

    Only one view seems tenable. The function of judges is to administer laws made by the Oireachtas in any issue that comes before them that is governed by Statute Law. If an issue comes before a judge and there is no Statute governing the facts of the case, a judge should decide it consistently with what he or she considers justice requires. If the issue is governed by Statute Law, the judge must apply the law, as he or she undertook to do when first appointed to the Bench. A message to the Oireachtas suggesting that its legislation may not be perfect and might advantageously be amended is as far as a judge would be entitled to go – and would probably be welcomed and respected by our legislators.

    Let me expand briefly on the importance of the Oireachtas. In all representative democracies the elected legislature faces the most difficult and responsible task, that of deciding what kind of society it should be, at many different and not always compatible levels, and shaping it to their blueprint by enacting legislation. If there is a hierarchy between the different organs of government, the legislative is the most important and responsible, and the others owe it deference. The primary duty of the other organs is to give effect to the decisions of the elected legislature.

    Our Constitution is the direct expression of the People’s will, so no Statute may be passed that is incompatible with it. Judges decide whether a Statute is incompatible with our Constitution, and if it is, declare that the impugned Statute is not part of our law. But the question you address must surely be: ‘Is this Statute compatible with the People’s Constitution?’ It should not be: ‘Is this Statute consistent with a right that judges think should form part of Irish law?’

    My conclusion is that since 1965, relying on a questionable obiter dictum of one of our most thoughtful judges, John Kenny in Gladys Ryan v. A.G ([1965] 1 IR 294.), judges have been acting in a way that our Constitution does not allow, and have gradually augmented your authority at the expense of the People’s elected representatives. This citizen’s response is to thank you for the benefits you have conferred on us in many cases – and to ask you to stop.

    To any suggestion that this would remove protection for human rights in Ireland, my answer is that the comprehensive European Declaration of Human Rights now forms part of our Statute law, and any future decision to extend legal protection to other rights not currently defined and protected should be made by legislators, not by judges.

    ‘The Abbeylara’ Decision

    If this letter were to discuss this decision in detail it would become intolerably long, so I will only say that neither the High Court nor your Court seems to have considered in depth the needs of the Oireachtas or its powers. To serve us well, it needs to access accurate and reliable information on topics that may call for legislative intervention. And its power to make laws must surely include power to enable itself to gather and assemble such information, and to decide how to do so. Nor, as the text of the judgments shows, did either Court show the Oireachtas much respect.

    The Angela Kerins Decision

    Your decision in Angela Kerins v. McGuinness and others ([2019] IESC 11 & 42.) has to be seen against that background. We do not need to examine Ms. Kerins’ claim except to note that it was made against members of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of the Dáil arising from how they had spoken to her and questioned her when she attended one of their meetings.

    When the Irish people adopted our Constitution in 1937, we adopted a rule going at least as far back as the 17th century that our legislators should be answerable to their constituents and to nobody else, including judges. So we provided in Article 15 that they should be immune from legal claims for how they might do their work.

    This was not some whimsical gift to public representatives but a decision, both principled and hard-headed, that we needed to give them this immunity if they were to serve us as we wanted to be served. That is how the High Court approached Ms. Kerins’s claim, and it is worth quoting from its judgment:

    For upwards of four centuries it has been recognised in common law jurisdictions throughout the world that the courts exercise no function in relation to speech in parliament. This is fundamental to the separation of powers and is a cornerstone of constitutional democracy. The Constitution guarantees freedom of speech in parliament, not to protect parliamentarians, but the democratic process itself. The constitutional order requires that speech in parliament remain unfettered by considerations such as jurisdiction. If members of either House were constrained in their speech in the manner contended for by the applicant, the effective functioning of parliament would be impaired in a manner expressly forbidden in absolute terms by the Constitution.

    Your principal decision runs to fifty-six pages in single space typing, and its conclusion is:

    The privileges and immunities of the Oireachtas, while extensive, do not provide an absolute barrier in all circumstances to the bringing of proceedings concerning the actions of a committee of the Houses of the Oireachtas.

    The rationale for that conclusion appears on p.41, paragraph 9.27 and also on p.53, paragraph 15.2 (iii). The reason for keeping judges out of our National Parliament, obviously, is that the Oireachtas should do its work without interference by the Courts. But you insert an additional word, “undue”, before “interference”.  Obviously only judges can decide what interference would be “undue”. That word accordingly allows the judges to enter Leinster House, and adjudicate on what happens there. It negates the wording, and, more important, the intention of the Constitution.

    The Dáil as substitute defendant 

    Faced with the immunity we have conferred on our representatives, you decided that the Dáil should be held responsible for actions by its members you considered were unlawful. That decision seems to me to lack logic, for four reasons.

    First, you accept that Ms. Kerins has no right of action against T.D.s who upset her, but instead of dismissing her claim you substitute new defendants, so that she suddenly has a right of action, not against those who (she says) injured her, but against other people, who didn’t.

    Secondly, in order for one person to be legally liable for another person’s action (what lawyers call ‘vicarious liability’) that action must have been wrongful. But Article 15.13 of our Constitution forbids you to decide that the members of the PAC acted wrongfully. If there is no primary liability there can be no vicarious liability.

    Thirdly, how can the Dáil be liable in justice if some of its members acted wrongly?  If I choose an employee, offer him a job and tell him how to do it, I have responsibility for how he does his work, and may fairly be told to pay up if he injures someone while doing for me the work I hired him to do. But the Dáil does not select T.D.s and Senators. We do. Nor may it supervise or control how legislators perform their functions. That would be inconsistent with democracy. If a T.D. has done something he or she should not have, how can the Dáil be to blame for the actions of people it did not select and cannot control? Making it legally liable for their actions is inconsistent with justice as most citizens understand that word.

    Fourthly, the Dáil is composed of its members (Art 16.2.1o), so any liability you impose on it must fall on them. So your starting point must be that one-hundred-and-sixty-six T.D.s are personally liable (presumably ‘jointly and severally’) to pay any damages and costs the Courts might decide to award to Ms Kerins. But those one hundred-and-sixty-six T.D.s include the thirteen PAC members she complains of. They may not be sued, because Article 15.13 of our Constitution forbids it. So you have placed the liability on the remaining one-hundred-and-fifty-three T.D.s, who did not authorise the thirteen to do what they did, and could not stop them.

    Consequences for our democracy

    So, as I see it, you judges have entered Leinster House, against the intention of our Constitution. You now claim authority to review not only the law our legislators produce but how they do their work, again contrary to the intention of our Constitution.

    Even if you never again intervene in the legislative process, the possibility that you may do so will inevitably be in the minds of T.D.s and Senators as they go about their duties, and influence how they perform them. How can that be reconciled with ‘Separation of Powers’? To me, your Kerins decision is an attack on the democratic principles on which our Constitution is founded.  It’s as simple as that, and as serious as that.

    Confidence in the Judiciary?

    When I thought you judges exceeded your authority by applying your ‘unenumerated rights’ formula, I disapproved, but felt that many of the laws you set aside were ones we were better off without. Similarly, I disapproved of your decision in Abbeylara to interfere in how the Oireachtas informed itself so that it could legislate wisely, but did not think your restrictions would be too damaging. Where the authority of the Oireachtas was not involved, you seemed to me in general to produce sensible judgments, upholding the law.

    In some other respects I was critical: I think you failed to prevent the litigation process from becoming too slow, too verbose and too expensive, so that most of us no longer had access to justice. But I criticised you hesitantly, and respectfully. Your Kerins judgment has changed that. I see it as a direct attack on our democratic system of government. That it was unanimous frightens me. I no longer feel confidence in the body that heads our judiciary. I also suspect – fear – that as more people get to understand its implications more will be alienated.

    Looking at decisions I have mentioned in this letter, your ‘unenumerated rights’ decisions, your Abbeylara decision and now your Kerins judgment, it seems to me they have a common root: lack of respect for the Oireachtas. Members of that body, particularly the Dáil, may sometimes behave in a way that exposes them to ridicule, but the Oireachtas is – and rightly is – our sole and exclusive lawmaker, and the corner-stone of our democracy. All of us, including you, owe it respect.

    The next step should be to recognise and acknowledge the problem the Kerins decision creates, and consider how best to extricate yourselves – and the Irish people – from it. If you succeed in doing that, as I fervently hope you will, you will also have taken the first step towards restoring confidence in our judiciary.

    In ending this long letter I urge you to remember that no human institution can be perfect. We all blunder from time to time. When we err, as we must, acknowledging the error and striving to correct it is the best – indeed the only – way to earn and keep the confidence of those we serve.

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