{"id":13291,"date":"2022-03-02T19:21:31","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T19:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/?p=13291"},"modified":"2022-03-02T19:21:31","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T19:21:31","slug":"lessons-from-the-great-depression-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/2022\/03\/02\/lessons-from-the-great-depression-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons from the Great Depression III"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Don\u2019t you ever read the papers? Roderick Spode is the founder and head of the Saviours of Britain, a Fascist organization better known as the Black Shorts. His general idea, if he doesn\u2019t get knocked on the head with a bottle in one of the frequent brawls in which he and his followers indulge, is to make himself a Dictator.\u2019 \u2018Well, I\u2019m blowed!\u2019 I was astounded at my keenness of perception. The moment I had set eyes on Spode, if you remember, I had said to myself \u2018What Ho! A Dictator!\u2019 and a Dictator he had proved to be. I could not have made a better shot, if I had been one of those detectives who see a chap walking along the street and deduce that he is a retired manufacturer of poppet valves named Robinson with rheumatism in one arm, living at Clapham. \u2018Well, I\u2019m dashed! I thought he was something of that sort. That chin\u2026Those eyes\u2026And, for the matter of that, that moustache. When you say \u201cshorts,\u201d you mean \u201cshirts,\u201d of course.\u2019 \u2018No. By the time Spode formed his association, there were no shirts left. He and his adherents wear black shorts.\u2019 \u2018Footer bags, you mean?\u2019 \u2018Yes.\u2019 \u2018How perfectly foul.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">P.G. Wodehouse, <em>The Code of the Woosters<\/em> (1938).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The above quote may offer a certain hope for those of us who see in each crisis a<\/span> foretaste of worse to come; that hope is that Fascism can be undermined by ridicule \u2013 even while it is gaining traction \u2013 as long as a Dworkinian right to freedom of speech abides.<\/p>\n<p>But I next turn to a writer not noted for his sense of humour, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/politics\/public-intellectual-series-george-orwell-a-crucial-man-for-our-time\/\">George Orwell<\/a><\/span>, who is central to our understanding the Great Depression, at least from a British vantage. His 1946 essay <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orwellfoundation.com\/the-orwell-foundation\/orwell\/essays-and-other-works\/how-the-poor-die\/\">\u2018How the Poor Die\u2019<\/a> <\/span>is a also crucial text for <em>this<\/em> austerity period, when social supports are being steadily withdrawn and a public health crisis looms large. Such are the consequences, unintended or otherwise, of an awful ideology that has put the NHS into freefall, and <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/science-environment\/science\/chay-bowes-hse-perpetuates-dysfunction\/\">the Irish health service<\/a><\/span> into near collapse.<\/p>\n<p><em>Animal Farm<\/em> and <em>1984<\/em>, with their simplification of language and distortion of truth from 2 =2 =5 to Newspeak \u2013 or in present parlance News International \u2013 are curiously prescient for our age. The Communist dystopia Orwell envisaged is not what we have now. Our own is of a different character altogether.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13293\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13293\" style=\"width: 341px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13293 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Coming_from_the_Mill.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"341\" height=\"292\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13293\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lowry, Laurence Stephen; Coming from the Mill; The L. S. Lowry Collection; http:\/\/www.artuk.org\/artworks\/coming-from-the-mill-162324<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>Army of Managers<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The great painter of the Depression-era L.S. Lowry once remarked:<\/p>\n<p><em>A really efficient totalitarian state would be one in which the all-powerful executive of political bosses and their army of managers control a population of slaves who do not have to be coerced, because they love their servitude. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>This is the kind of Stockholm Syndrome that we have witnessed throughout the pandemic, when even left wing parties previously noted for their resistance to corporate authority, rolled over to have their bellies tickled, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/en\/press-releases\/ten-richest-men-double-their-fortunes-pandemic-while-incomes-99-percent-humanity\">as the one percent almost doubled their wealth<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Lowry, as much as Grosz and Dix, chronicled working-class existences in painting, but as a prose artist he also captured the era beautifully in <em>Coming From the Mill<\/em> (1930). \u2018As I left [Pendlebury] station I saw the Acme Spinning Company\u2019s mill,\u2019 Lowry would later recall. Describing:<\/p>\n<p><em>The huge black framework of rows of yellow-lit windows standing up against the sad, damp charged afternoon sky. The mill was turning out hundreds of little pinched, black figures, heads bent down. I watched this scene \u2013 which I\u2019d looked at many times without seeing \u2013 with rapture.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>His matchstick men and women are best seen in the Lowry Gallery in Salford near Manchester, an area much gentrified now but still recognisably working class. And if you turn away from the main paintings, one still finds the bitter fruits of economic depressions: drunken brawls and young children in virtual rags.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DLangwallner?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@DLangwallner<\/a> rejects the motion that &#39;the Covid pandemic demonstrates that we should prioritise security and safety over individual liberty\u2019, at the ESU, Dartmouth House, London on Sunday, 27th of October, 2022.<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/JRD3foErZy\">https:\/\/t.co\/JRD3foErZy<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/broadsheet_ie?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@broadsheet_ie<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/danieleidiniph1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@danieleidiniph1<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BowesChay?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@BowesChay<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; CassandraVoices (@VoicesCassandra) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/VoicesCassandra\/status\/1498322564912926720?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 28, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Brave New World!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aldous Huxley\u2019s <em>Brave New World<\/em> (1932) is a core text of our time. The soma-induced compliance replicates our non-critical consensus of disinformation. Bernard the anti-hero wishes to leave for Iceland, a psychological state many of us wish to flee to now. Like Wittgenstein, I have a preference for a good Fjord.<\/p>\n<p>In mainland Europe the contradictions of the European Depression are well etched by the greatest of all American writers, F. Scott Fitzgerald. He was an incurable alcoholic by the time he penned his second masterpiece <em>Tender Is the Night<\/em>, to mixed reviews, in 1934. The lead character Diver is redolent of a lost parvenu generation, a parable for how many of a certain class lose their way on the French Riviera.<\/p>\n<p>It is cautionary tale of a loss of relevance, context and credibility. In a way, we all must resist a decadent urge to act like Tory grandees on the fiddle amidst the booze at Number 10.<\/p>\n<p>And what about other European literature for those who want us to \u201cstay safe by staying apart\u201d? Well, the antisemitic Louis-Ferdinand C\u00e9line is responsible for at least two prose masterpieces of the Great Depression that lay bay his own hypocrisy.<\/p>\n<p>His 1932 <em>Journey to The End of Night<\/em> is a phantasmatic horror story chronicling the Great Depression. It contains a piquant quote that goes some way towards explaining his own moral descent: \u2018I warn you that when the princes of this world start loving you it means they are going to grind you up into battle sausage.\u2019 We ought to be wary of artists that achieve great success in their own time, or journalists for that matter.<\/p>\n<p>He also refers to the \u201cnecessary\u201d distance the rich must develop from the sufferings of the poor:<\/p>\n<p><em>I hadn&#8217;t found out, yet that humankind consists of two quite different races, the rich and the poor. It took me &#8230; and plenty of other people . . . twenty years and the war to learn to stick to my class and ask the price of things before touching them, let alone setting my heart on them.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"La R\u00e8gle du jeu de Jean Renoir (Bande Annonce)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JX1j7jeGfGY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Jean Renoir<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>More than C\u00e9line, along with Albert Camus, the greatest French intellectual artist of that period was the film director Jean Renoir. His most significant film \u2018La R\u00e8gle du jeu\u2019 is situated at the precipice of collapse.<\/p>\n<p>Set in an aristocratic milieu just before the outbreak of the Second World War, it is decidedly jittery, with a real sense of <em>fin de si\u00e8cle<\/em>. We find attractive though silly people on the brink of a calamity. It seems now quite relevant as we face unprecedented times, where chaos and uncertainty rule.<\/p>\n<p>Renoir views the characters sympathetically with Octavia \u2013 the voice of moderation \u2013 central to the film. Renoir was acutely conscious of being on the brink of disaster, and expressed\u00a0 an objective humanism with the famous line \u2018that everyone has his reasons.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In the subjectivity of our time that quote remains a clarion call for a heightened perception of danger, especially as moral relativism gains traction.<\/p>\n<p>Renoir elaborated in commentary on the film that all cultures are cliquish and have their own rules and protocols of dealing with those who do not observe the rules of the game, or the rule of law. But that is prior to seismic change where brute force supersedes civility.<\/p>\n<p>Renoir touched a raw nerve. When it opened a right-wing French audience went berserk, in a way similar to the reception in the Abbey Theatre in Dublin to J.M. Synge\u2019s The Playboy of The Western World in 1907.<\/p>\n<p>Renoir\u2019s acid comment was in effect that these people were doomed, and that the audience reaction showed that \u2018people who commit suicide do not do so in front of witnesses.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>The film has an astute sense that class or poverty more than race or ethnicity is the ultimate determinant of social division. That idea remains vitally important in these absurd politically correct times, and indeed victimhood or assumed victimhood as it is now. Our priorities should be to maintain access to housing, health care and legal representation.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Third Man......The.Cuckoo Clock\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cydkTy6GmFA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Welles and Bu\u00f1uel <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Another of the greatest creative artist of the twentieth century toured around Ireland at the end of the Depression, before taking a job at The Gate Theatre. Later, in \u2018The Third Man\u2019 (1949) he made a guest appearance as Harry Lime. One, less celebrated speech. captures the existential dilemma of our time<\/p>\n<p><em>If I offered you twenty thousand pounds for every dot that stopped, would you really, old man, tell me to keep my money, or would you calculate how many dots you could afford to spare? Free of income tax, old man. Free of income tax &#8211; the only way you can save money nowadays.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This is a logic that appears to have been adopted by pharmaceutical companies in recent times.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The great surrealist film maker Luis Bu\u00f1uel was another of the great anti-fascist artist of the Depression-era.\u00a0 He attacked the prevailing mores of clerics, sexual repression and state authoritarianism with utter clarity and savage wit. This led, unsurprisingly, to periods of exile from Spain and a final hideaway for eighteen years in Mexico.<\/p>\n<p>The stunning and very brave 1950 film about poverty and child criminality in Mexico \u2018Los Olvidados\u2019 (the Forgotten Ones) caused a sensation at the time. Its theme reflects a drift into criminality among the youth in many parts of London and Dublin. Today\u2019s child poverty, exploitation, crime and even slavery were also a feature of the Great Depression era.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13294 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Los-Olvidados-Poster.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"273\" height=\"364\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Tell Me Why?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>How does Fascism come about? Well it\u2019s a product of inequality and poverty. You could say: &#8220;It\u2019s the economy dummy!&#8221; In the period we can find evidence of this emerging among the workers in Upton Sinclair\u2019s <em>The Jungle<\/em>, or the disenfranchised on the streets of Weimar, or the representations of Orwell and C\u00e9line who suffer most due to the naked expropriation \u201cadults in the room.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Economic depressions create conditions for fascism, or even the new-fangled corporate fascism of our age which represents a triumph of demagoguery and disinformation. So be wary of manipulation and stay flexible, if not unsafe. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Facebook<\/span> and the mass media augment Orwellian tendencies and a campaign of compliance and of induced consent is creating serf capitalism and a potential Malthusian population cull.<\/p>\n<p>Alas, there is no <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/politics\/it-is-time-for-a-renewed-deal\/\">New Deal<\/a><\/span> or Marshall Plan on the horizon. World leadership is lacking and often far from benign and corporate-led. Apart from resisting manipulation, what all of us at the sharp end of the stick can do is protest to avoid obliteration and not be participants in our own self-abnegation.<\/p>\n<p>Resist decadence if you can. Survive the new depression: this Great Reset Depression. It will require optimum coping skills not to be culled. And if all else fails, poke fun at the fascists and observe how uncomfortable they become.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Don\u2019t you ever read the papers? Roderick Spode is the founder and head of the Saviours of Britain, a Fascist organization better known as the Black Shorts. His general idea, if he doesn\u2019t get knocked on the head with a bottle in one of the frequent brawls in which he and his followers indulge, is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":13292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[396,501,1116,2264,2410,2815,3134,3523,3672,3830,3832,3833,4107,4311,4823,5310,5473,5474,5701,6515,6899,6937,8922,8973],"class_list":["post-13291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-2","tag-aldous-huxley","tag-and","tag-brave-new-world","tag-david-langwallner-great-depression","tag-depression","tag-economics","tag-f-scott-fitzgerald","tag-from","tag-george-orwell","tag-great","tag-great-depression","tag-great-depression-david-langwallner","tag-history","tag-iii","tag-jean-renoir","tag-l-s-lowry","tag-lessones-from-the-great-depression","tag-lessons","tag-luis-bunuel","tag-new-deal","tag-orson-welles","tag-p-g-wodehouse","tag-the","tag-the-code-of-the-woosters"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13291\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}