{"id":1860,"date":"2018-06-01T00:13:51","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T23:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/?p=1860"},"modified":"2018-06-01T00:13:51","modified_gmt":"2018-05-31T23:13:51","slug":"drive-time-the-irish-medias-message","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/2018\/06\/01\/drive-time-the-irish-medias-message\/","title":{"rendered":"Drive Time: The Irish Media&#8217;s Message"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tune into any Irish radio station, and it is hard to escape the constant flogging of motor cars: RTE\u2019s flagship \u2018Morning Ireland\u2019 is associated with Opel; sports bulletins on the same programme are brought to you by Kia; traffic introduced by Hyundai, only afterwards to be announced as \u2018AA Roadwatch\u2019. Ads for other brands such as Mercedes and Peugeot generally feature during commercial breaks, seemingly every third or fourth slot. By early evening it is \u2018Drivetime\u2019; while over on Newstalk, you find Ivan Yates\u2019s \u2018The Hard Shoulder\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, national newspapers carry regular motoring supplements \u2013 with adverts also layered through the main sections. In Ireland car \u2018culture\u2019 not only prevails, it dominates.<\/p>\n<p>Ostensibly innocuous, if anything the adverts appear reassuring: smooth voices caressing parents into protecting their little cherubs inside whichever metal-cocoon-on-wheels they are selling. Branding imbues these vehicles \u2013 or \u2018estates\u2019 \u2013 with a pioneering sense of \u2018Discovery\u2019; a \u2018Highlander\u2019, \u2018Land Cruiser\u2019 or \u2018Land Rover\u2019 ranging across a great sweep of virgin landscape, as opposed to the reality of sitting for hours in traffic.<\/p>\n<p>It is twelve years since the European Union\u2019s environmental body described &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/breakingnews\/breakingnews_ukandireland\/eu-using-dublin-as-example-of-worstcase-urban-sprawl-28409383.html\">Dublin as a \u2018worst case scenario<\/a>&#8216; for &#8216;unsustainable car-dependent urban sprawl(1)&#8217;. Yet peculiarly, RTE uses sales of imported cars as an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/business\/2017\/0103\/842420-2016-car-sales\/\">indicator for how well the economy is performing<\/a>(2).<\/p>\n<p>The not-so-subliminal-message is that a shiny-new-car is a good sign. But car-usage is blatantly contrary to the national interest, if we are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and associated fines. Transport, a substantial proportion of which is private car-usage, accounts for approximately 20% of all national emissions.<\/p>\n<p>As long as media outlets receive hefty advertising revenue from car importers, there will be an inducement to avoid questioning our car culture. More obviously, vehicles are frequently offered as prizes in competitions, most recently on RTE&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/player\/ie\/show\/the-late-late-show-extras-30003017\/10884022\/\">&#8216;The Late Late Show&#8217;<\/a> on the 25th of May(3). By contrast, the lowly bicycle is rarely, if ever, considered prize-worthy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1909\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1909\" style=\"width: 518px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1909\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG_20180523_210713-e1527546044150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"338\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1909\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lone cyclist, Charlemont Bridge, Dublin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>II &#8211; Cyclist &#8216;deaths&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Typically, when a cyclist is killed headlines and news bulletins state he has died in a collision \u2013 a passive inevitability arising from being on the wrong side of an autonomous vehicle. Yet such machines are under human control. Would it not be more accurate to say a cyclist has been killed?<\/p>\n<p>Alas, neither cyclists, public transport users, nor pedestrians tend to purchase media space, despite comprising the vast majority of those in transit across Ireland, particularly in urban areas, in which most of the population now resides. Where there is coverage of transport alternatives it usually relates to how these affect motorists, as where bus lanes generate traffic jams, or where cyclists create a nuisance by failing to observe the law.<\/p>\n<p>Little substantive probing occurs into improvements to the transport infrastructure \u2013 or indeed how Ireland stacks up internationally.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How the Dutch got their cycle paths\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XuBdf9jYj7o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Apart from being presented as a nuisance,\u00a0on those rare occasions that cycling is treated positively, it is depicted as good for children or fitness. But rarely, if ever, is it taken as a realistic alternative to the car. Overwhelmingly, the message is: four wheels good, two wheels bad.<\/p>\n<p>Last month, a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/cyclist-serious-injuries-dublin-n11-3965285-Apr2018\/\">cyclist was killed<\/a> by a driver turning a lorry at the main N11 junction immediately outside RTE\u2019s premises in Dublin(4). Coincidentally, currently there are plans to develop a new vehicular junction along the N11 on lands formerly owned by RTE that are being redeveloped for housing. The plans are attracting objections, alleging the proposed provision for cyclists is <a href=\"http:\/\/irishcycle.com\/2018\/04\/19\/new-rte-junction-could-mean-more-conflicts-between-cyclists-and-buses\/\">unsafe and substandard<\/a>(5).<\/p>\n<p>Notably, the route is a major cycle artery to the country\u2019s largest university, University College Dublin. The RTE radar does not appear to have picked up an important story on its doorstep.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>III &#8211; Cars In Their Eyes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One basic measure the national broadcaster could make to raise public confidence would be to provide an easily accessible public declaration of any direct remuneration, \u2018gifts\u2019, or other contractual arrangements into which RTE\u00a0or its senior\u00a0personnel enter into with third parties, including car dealers and importers. This would be in line with the transparency the<a href=\"http:\/\/downloads.bbc.co.uk\/supplying\/pdf\/BBC_Ethical_Policy.pdf\"> BBC<\/a> demands of its employees(6).<\/p>\n<p>It is of interest that over the years reports have emerged of various \u2018stars\u2019 being provided with complimentary cars by dealerships. As far back as May 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/call-for-rte-broadcasters-to-declare-free-cars-201227.html\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tommy Broughan TD<\/span><\/a> called for transparency, informing D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann that Ryan Tubridy had the use of a Lexus, while Pat Kenny and Gerry Ryan (both then contracted to RTE) had \u2018relationships\u2019 with BMW and Mazda respectively(7).<\/p>\n<p>Tubridy currently presents \u2018The Late Late Show\u2019, which is \u2018sponsored\u2019 by Renault. Earlier this year his comments \u2013 which the Dublin Cycling Campaign described as \u2018casual incitement of hatred\u2019 \u2013 attracted five hundred complaints to the broadcaster. He had suggested that people who (legally) cycle two abreast should be \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/complaints-rte-cyclists-item\/\">binned<\/a>&#8216;(8).<\/p>\n<p>Given RTE receives almost two hundred million euro per annum from the public through mandatory TV licences,\u00a0surely the Irish people have a right to know whether Mr Tubridy continues to be provided with a vehicle by any outside firms.<\/p>\n<p>What information there is available is generally gleaned from marketeers\u2019 press releases. Investigations into possible conflicts of interest are almost unheard of, at least in public.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, an opinion piece last year by RTE\u2019s Countrywide presenter Damien O\u2019Reilly in The Farmers Journal ridiculed Irish cyclists for wearing luminescent clothing to ensure their safety: this was \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/irish-cyclists-to-blame-for-their-own-unpopularity-farmers-journal-column\/\">aggressively coloured<\/a>\u2019 as O\u2019Reilly put it(9).\u00a0Separately, the Sunday Times revealed (following a successful freedom of information request) that O\u2019Reilly had been paid for work done on behalf of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/edition\/ireland\/countrywides-oreilly-comes-a-cropper-with-greenwash-row-dn83xmxs9\">An Bord Bia in Dubai<\/a>, which was approved by RTE management(10).<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Moonlighting\u2019\u00a0of RTE stars has given rise to further controversy in recent months,\u00a0with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/rte-kept-in-the-dark-over-claire-byrne-moonlighting-kzf75rp2c\">Claire Byrne<\/a> landing herself in hot water over work done\u00a0on behalf of financial services firm Davy\u2019s(11).<\/p>\n<p>Elsewhere there has been a failure to reveal corporate funding of programming. Phoenix Magazine reported that Derek Mooney\u2019s Programme \u2018Turf Life\u2019, broadcast on May 4th 2018, was supported financially by Bord Na M\u00f3na, but this was not declared in the programme\u2019s credits(12).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>IV &#8211; George&#8217;s Marvellous Meddling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Over on Newstalk, George Hook set himself up as the champion of the poor downtrodden motorists, while castigating other road users \u2013 such as cyclists of course!<\/p>\n<p>In 2015 on daytime television Hook declared that he \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thebikecomesfirst.com\/i-hate-cyclists-with-a-passion-george-hook\/\">hates cyclists with a passion<\/a>&#8216;(13),\u00a0before stating: \u2018They do what the hell they like. They\u2019re a threat to themselves, they\u2019re a threat to pedestrians, and ultimately they\u2019re a threat to motorcars, as motorcars trying to avoid these lunatics will have an accident.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Last September he outdid himself, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/news\/im-never-going-to-do-a-nazi-salute-again-promises-hook-36331313.html\">comparing cyclists to Nazis<\/a> on the BBC\u2019s Nolan Show(14).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1985\" style=\"width: 362px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1985\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/George-Hook.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"306\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Champion of downtrodden motorists George Hook.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Notably,\u00a0Hook has previously been provided with a free car by Peugeot. RTE\u2019s own website carries a report from June 22nd, 2011 in their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/lifestyle\/motors\/2011\/0622\/145287-hookg\/\">\u2018Motors\u2019 section<\/a>, entitled (seemingly without irony) \u2018508 Hooked\u2019, in which \u2018Peugeot Managing Director Geroge Harbourne said: \u2018George is an excellent brand ambassador for Peugeot. We very much look forward to working with him to increase the awareness of the Peugeot brand in Ireland, through his high public profile\u2019 (15).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>V &#8211; Increasing Obsolescence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Last year,\u00a0national car sales dropped 10%, yet contrary to perceived wisdom this did not coincide with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/ireland\/brexit-blamed-as-car-sales-down-10-in-first-nine-months-462040.html\">economic stagnation<\/a>(16). Increasingly, those fortunate enough to get by without a car realise that these metal boxes no longer represent freedom, but are instead a costly burden best avoided.<\/p>\n<p>Cars are good for a weekly shop \u2013 but so is a taxi \u2013 and in any case the traditional weekly shop is a decreasing habit, especially among the younger generation. Yet perversely, as more people move away from cars, the national broadcaster sings the praises of the internal combustion engine with increasing vigour.<\/p>\n<p>During the \u2018Bertie boom years\u2019, many first-time buyers bought a \u2018starter home\u2019 far from Dublin, which required a long daily commute by car. This was often endured in the hope of returning to Dublin at some later date. Alas many of those dreams have receded.<\/p>\n<p>These days, although accommodation in Dublin is in notoriously short supply, most of the younger generation are nonetheless opting to stay put in the capital, and avoiding the daily imprisonment that car dependency brings. Wander around the \u2018go-getter ghettos\u2019 of Google\u2019s HQ on Barrow Street, Docklands, and East Point Business Park: cyclists, pedestrians, and public transport users abound, but there is little sign of cars.<\/p>\n<p>In Dublin twenty years ago taxis were notoriously rare, and buses did not enjoy their own lanes. Having a motor in those days was a distinct advantage. Yet roll on two decades and owning a car is arguably more of a burden, and increasingly identified with ill-health.<\/p>\n<p>The link between <a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/articles\/A3062-2004May30.html\">car dependency and obesity<\/a> is well established(17); sadly, Ireland could be set to become the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/health\/ireland-set-to-be-most-obese-country-in-europe-who-says-1.2201731\"> most obese country in Europe<\/a>(18), which in part reflects our car dependency. Yet instead of discussing the obvious links, the Irish media is more likely to allude to the danger and zealotry of cyclists. Could it be that the idea of cycling as a normal mode of transport for regular people is too much of a threat to vested interests?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>VI &#8211; A Gathering Storm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The New Scientist(19) reported that the fumes created by car engines tend to have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/letter\/mg23231011-100-9-air-pollution-is-worse-inside-cars-and-in-dust\/\">worse effect on those inside vehicles<\/a>, rather than outside, as had previously been believed. That lovely \u2018new car smell\u2019 may actually mask toxic odours, which the driver and occupants might otherwise detect. For example, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alphr.com\/environment\/1007053\/pollution-diesel-cars-deaths-UK\">PM 10s<\/a> are among the numerous known carcinogens created by diesel emissions(20).<\/p>\n<p>Another report recently featured in the UK media indicates that a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/jan\/09\/dieselgate-volkswagen-uk-motorists-class-action-suit\">class action<\/a> is being brought against Volkswagen(21), following the emissions scandal, which involved the manufacturer lying for years about the level of toxic fumes generated by its vehicles. This may be the tip of a large iceberg.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2152 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/DSC3749-Edit-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1001\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If it turns out that children developed asthma from riding in such vehicles \u2013 and if there is no background family history\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asthma.org.uk\/advice\/triggers\/pollution\/\">causation is plausible<\/a>(22) \u2013 the emissions scandal could explode further, with major consequences in terms of costs to manufacturers, and changes in public policy.<\/p>\n<p>Unsurprisingly, there has been little coverage of this in the Irish media, but the story could be of even more relevance here. Firstly, our greater car-dependency exposes us to greater danger. Secondly, the manufacturer associated with misleading governments, the public, and owners \u2013 Volkswagen \u2013 was the<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/best-selling-cars-ireland-2017-3483985-Jul2017\/\"> top-selling brand<\/a> in this country between 2012 and 2016(23).<\/p>\n<p>That is a triple-whammy to which Irish people may have been particularly exposed \u2013 yet hardly a peep from anywhere in the Irish media. Might we see greater coverage of such issues in mainstream Irish media in the years to come? Don\u2019t hold your breath, unless that is you are being passed by a noxious vehicle belching out toxic fumes.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>On May 8th RTE\u2019s Freedom of Information Officer accepted a Freedom of Information Request from Cassandra Voices seeking records of payments or payments-in-kind from motor car dealership to leading RTE stars that have been approved by RTE management since January 1st, 2017. RTE have 30 days in which to respond. Details will be revealed in the next edition.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(1) Untitled, Belfast Telegraph, &#8216;EU using Dublin as example of worst-case urban, 4th of October, 2016, sprawl&#8217;\u00a0https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/breakingnews\/breakingnews_ukandireland\/eu-using-dublin-as-example-of-worstcase-urban-sprawl-28409383.html<\/p>\n<p>(2) Untitled, RTE: \u2018From manufacturing to car sales, UK economy bounces back\u2019, 6th of\u00a0 August, 2013 :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/business\/2013\/0806\/466637-uk-economy\/\">https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/business\/2013\/0806\/466637-uk-economy\/<\/a>.<br \/>\nAlso, Untitled, RTE, \u20182016 car sales rise 17.5%, Toyota most popular make \u2013 SIMI\u2019 Tuesday, 3rd of January, 2017:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/business\/2017\/0103\/842420-2016-car-sales\/\">https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/business\/2017\/0103\/842420-2016-car-sales\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u00a0 RTE Player, &#8216;Car Giveaway \/ The Late Late Show&#8217;, 25th of May, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/player\/ie\/show\/the-late-late-show-extras-30003017\/10884022\/\">https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/player\/ie\/show\/the-late-late-show-extras-30003017\/10884022\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(4) Gr\u00e1inne N\u00ed Aodha, \u201819-year-old cyclist dies after collision with truck near UCD this afternoon\u2019 18th of April, 2018:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/cyclist-serious-injuries-dublin-n11-3965285-Apr2018\/\">http:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/cyclist-serious-injuries-dublin-n11-3965285-Apr2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(5) Untitled, irishcyclist.com \u2018NEW RTE JUNCTION COULD MEAN MORE CONFLICTS BETWEEN CYCLISTS AND BUSES\u201919th of April, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/irishcycle.com\/2018\/04\/19\/new-rte-junction-could-mean-more-conflicts-between-cyclists-and-buses\/\">http:\/\/irishcycle.com\/2018\/04\/19\/new-rte-junction-could-mean-more-conflicts-between-cyclists-and-buses\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(6) BBC Code of Ethical Policy, downloaded 29\/5\/18 :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/downloads.bbc.co.uk\/supplying\/pdf\/BBC_Ethical_Policy.pdf\">http:\/\/downloads.bbc.co.uk\/supplying\/pdf\/BBC_Ethical_Policy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(7) Untitled, breakingnews.ie \u2018Call for RT\u00c9 broadcasters to declare free cars\u2019, 5th of May, 2005, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/call-for-rte-broadcasters-to-declare-free-cars-201227.html\">https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/call-for-rte-broadcasters-to-declare-free-cars-201227.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(8) Untitled, Stickybottle, \u2018Flood of complaints to RTE after \u2018Late Late Show\u2019 cyclists item\u2019 14th of March, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/complaints-rte-cyclists-item\/\">http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/complaints-rte-cyclists-item\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(9) Untitled, Stickybottle, \u2018Irish cyclists dress too aggressively \u2013 Farmers Journal column\u2019, 27th of July, 2017 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/irish-cyclists-to-blame-for-their-own-unpopularity-farmers-journal-column\/\">http:\/\/www.stickybottle.com\/latest-news\/irish-cyclists-to-blame-for-their-own-unpopularity-farmers-journal-column\/<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n<p>(10) Frank Armstrong, CountryWide\u2019s O\u2019Reilly comes a cropper with greenwash row\u2019 22nd of October, 2017:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/edition\/ireland\/countrywides-oreilly-comes-a-cropper-with-greenwash-row-dn83xmxs9\">https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/edition\/ireland\/countrywides-oreilly-comes-a-cropper-with-greenwash-row-dn83xmxs9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(11) John Burns, \u2018RTE \u2018kept in the dark\u2019 over Claire Byrne moonlighting\u2019, 22nd of October, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/rte-kept-in-the-dark-over-claire-byrne-moonlighting-kzf75rp2c\">https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/rte-kept-in-the-dark-over-claire-byrne-moonlighting-kzf75rp2c<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(12) Phoenix Magazine, May 2018.<\/p>\n<p>(13) Untitled, thebikecomesfirst.com \u2018\u201cI hate cyclists with a passion\u201d \u2013 George Hook\u2019, 5th of July, 2015:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thebikecomesfirst.com\/i-hate-cyclists-with-a-passion-george-hook\/\">http:\/\/www.thebikecomesfirst.com\/i-hate-cyclists-with-a-passion-george-hook\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(14) Alan O&#8217;Keeffe, \u2018&#8217;I&#8217;m never going to do a Nazi salute again,&#8217; promises Hook\u2019\u2019, 18th of November, 2017,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/news\/im-never-going-to-do-a-nazi-salute-again-promises-hook-36331313.html\">https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/news\/im-never-going-to-do-a-nazi-salute-again-promises-hook-36331313.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(15) Untitled, RTE Lifestyle \u2018508 Hooked\u2019: 22nd of\u00a0June, 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/lifestyle\/motors\/2011\/0622\/145287-hookg\/\">https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/lifestyle\/motors\/2011\/0622\/145287-hookg\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(16) Conall \u00d3 F\u00e1tharta, \u2018Brexit blamed as car sales down 10% in first nine months\u2019 2nd of November, 2017:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/ireland\/brexit-blamed-as-car-sales-down-10-in-first-nine-months-462040.html\">https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/ireland\/brexit-blamed-as-car-sales-down-10-in-first-nine-months-462040.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(17) Rob Stein, \u2018Car Use Drives Up Weight, Study Finds\u2019, 31st of May, 2004:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/articles\/A3062-2004May30.html\">http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/articles\/A3062-2004May30.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(18) Rachel Flaherty, 6th of May, 2015, \u2018Ireland set to be most obese country in Europe, WHO says\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/health\/ireland-set-to-be-most-obese-country-in-europe-who-says-1.2201731\">https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/health\/ireland-set-to-be-most-obese-country-in-europe-who-says-1.2201731<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(19) Wiebina Heesterman, \u2018Air pollution is worse inside cars and in dust\u2019 23rd of November, 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/letter\/mg23231011-100-9-air-pollution-is-worse-inside-cars-and-in-dust\/\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/letter\/mg23231011-100-9-air-pollution-is-worse-inside-cars-and-in-dust\/\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(20) Victoria Wooloston Diesel cars &#8220;kill 5,000 people a year&#8221; in Europe \u2014 and the UK is one of the worst offenders\u2019, 18<sup>th<\/sup> of September, 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alphr.com\/environment\/1007053\/pollution-diesel-cars-deaths-UK\">http:\/\/www.alphr.com\/environment\/1007053\/pollution-diesel-cars-deaths-UK<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(21) Rob Davies, Dieselgate: UK motorists file class-action suit against VW, 9<sup>th<\/sup> of January, 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/jan\/09\/dieselgate-volkswagen-uk-motorists-class-action-suit\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/jan\/09\/dieselgate-volkswagen-uk-motorists-class-action-suit<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(22) www.asthmaorg.uk \u2018Pollution\u2019, downloaded 29\/5\/2018 https:\/\/www.asthma.org.uk\/advice\/triggers\/pollution\/<\/p>\n<p>(23)Melanie May, \u2018These are the 5 top-selling cars of 2017 so far\u2019, downloaded 29\/5\/2018 http:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/best-selling-cars-ireland-2017-3483985-Jul2017\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tune into any Irish radio station, and it is hard to escape the constant flogging of motor cars: RTE\u2019s flagship \u2018Morning Ireland\u2019 is associated with Opel; sports bulletins on the same programme are brought to you by Kia; traffic introduced by Hyundai, only afterwards to be announced as \u2018AA Roadwatch\u2019. Ads for other brands such [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":1949,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[191,195,2652,4512,6034,6083,8922,9422,9517],"class_list":["post-1860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transport","tag-2018june","tag-2018novemberplus","tag-drive","tag-irish","tag-medias","tag-message","tag-the","tag-time","tag-transport"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}