{"id":7197,"date":"2020-02-04T16:45:02","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T16:45:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/?p=7197"},"modified":"2020-02-04T16:45:02","modified_gmt":"2020-02-04T16:45:02","slug":"the-long-view-on-the-irish-general-election-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/2020\/02\/04\/the-long-view-on-the-irish-general-election-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"The Long View on the Irish General Election 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Out of Ireland have we come.<br \/>\nGreat hatred, little room,<br \/>\nMaimed us at the start.<br \/>\nI carry from my mother&#8217;s womb<br \/>\nA fanatic heart.<\/em><br \/>\nW.B. Yeats, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/allpoetry.com\/Remorse-For-Intemperate-Speech\">\u2018Remorse for Intemperate Speech\u2019<\/a><\/span> (1931)<\/p>\n<p>With proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies, Irish elections tend to be colourful affairs. Debate rarely rises above the clamour of claim and counter-claim as candidates seemingly festoon every available lamppost the length and breadth of the country with posters. In rural constituencies especially, local causes tend to trump national concerns, while questions of global import rarely register.<\/p>\n<p>But times are changing as cosmopolitan younger voters gravitate towards parties from beyond the political establishment. Until the 1990s Fianna F\u00e1il (\u2018soldiers of destiny\u2019), Fine Gael (\u2018family of the Irish\u2019), and Labour \u2013 which historically assumed the role of minor coalition partner to Fine Gael \u2013 enjoyed near total domination of D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann, the national parliament. Today no single party expects to command an overall majority, and coalitions are the norm.<\/p>\n<p>The ruling Fine Gael party, having spent four years in an unprecedented \u2018confidence and supply\u2019 agreement with its old foe Fianna F\u00e1il, called a snap election on January 14<sup>th<\/sup>, seemingly hoping to be rewarded for its competent handling of Brexit negotiations, and to avoid losing a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/politics\/2020\/0109\/1105248-politics-no-confidence-motion\/\">no confidence motion<\/a><\/span> over the performance of the Minister for Health Simon Harris.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Unexpectedly, however, a political earthquake is on the cards as an array of left-leaning parties, especially the increasingly popular Sinn F\u00e9in (\u2018ourselves\u2019), the Green Party, Labour, People Before Profit, the Social Democrats, and even an unheralded socially conservative newcomer Aont\u00fa (\u2018consent\u2019), have made social justice the central issue of the campaign.<\/p>\n<p>For the moment opposition to the centre-right mainstream of Fine Gael and Fianna F\u00e1il is coming from the left, responding in particular to an ongoing Housing Crisis. But Ireland is not immune from the wave of identity politics sweeping far-right Populists into power elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Another recession might easily trigger far-right Populism within the existing framework, bringing together an unholy trinity, seen elsewhere, of xenophobia \u2013 including opposition to E.U. membership \u2013 climate change denial and opposition to abortion services.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Who me?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Identities are hotly contested on the island of Ireland. Thus the Fine Gael-led government\u2019s recent proposal to rehabilitate the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) \u2013 the British Crown\u2019s police force prior to independence in 1921 \u2013 brought a veritable Twitter storm of anger and bewilderment.<\/p>\n<p>In its wake, the rousing Wolf Tone 1972 rebel song \u2018Come out ye Black and Tans\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newstalk.com\/news\/wolfe-tones-come-out-black-and-tans-947680\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">topped the iTunes charts in Ireland, and the U.K.<\/span><\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a> before being ripped off by Kerry independent candidate Michael Healy-Rae for his election campaign song.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Michael Healy-Rae Campaign Song (come out ye black and tans)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WQX3GEII4No?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The bizarre decision perhaps explains Fine Gael\u2019s steep decline in support, as revealed in recent opinion polls. Although a wave of violent crime, including the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/crime\/2020\/0117\/1108136-mulready-woods-drogheda\/\">horrifying murder of a Drogheda teenager<\/a><\/span>,<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a> and the story of <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/homeless-man-life-changing-injuries-dublin-city-council-ireland-varadkar-a9284936.html\">a homeless man receiving \u2018life-changing\u2019 injuries<\/a><\/span> after a tent, with him inside, was forcibly removed by heavy machinery from the side of one of Dublin\u2019s canals,<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> contributed to widespread unease with the orientation of Irish society under the current administration.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Tonight&#39;s Sunday Times Poll<\/p>\n<p>FF 23%;<br \/>SF 21%;<br \/>FG 19%;<br \/>GP 10%;<br \/>LP 5%;<br \/>SD 5%;<br \/>SPBP 5%;<br \/>Others 11%;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/GE2020?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GE2020<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/togh2020?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#togh2020<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/SinnF%C3%A9in?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SinnF\u00e9in<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/FiannaF%C3%A1il?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#FiannaF\u00e1il<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/FineGael?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#FineGael<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/WTXSHbpHKw\">pic.twitter.com\/WTXSHbpHKw<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Markie \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea (@MarkAgitprop) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MarkAgitprop\/status\/1223397165977997312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 1, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Identity politics vary from country to country, and from epoch to epoch. In the U.S. race has long been a divisive issue. In the U.K. incipient (so-called \u2018Little-Englander\u2019) nationalism is the new clarion call, with the shattering of transnational working class identity emphasised by the implosion of the Labour Party in Scotland.<\/p>\n<p>Historic cleavages in Ireland have tended to be religious rather than ethno-linguistic or racial, pitting Catholics against Protestants and Dissenters (or Presbyterians), at least since the failure of the United Irishman project in the 1790s; although, in the South at least, divisions have also recently emerged along familiar liberal versus conservative lines \u2013 especially over reproductive rights and marriage equality.<\/p>\n<p>Identity politics tend to shred solidarities based on economic status both within countries and internationally, often involving deference to aristocracy or accumulated wealth. Developing a political movement based on social class, however, can also be problematic, as for example where a person\u2019s \u2018bourgeois\u2019 speech or mannerism is stigmatised. The great diversity within any class formation is also easily overlooked.<\/p>\n<p>The success of the Populist far-right in both the U.S. and U.K. has been achieved by combining working class disaffection \u2013 including resentment towards the kind of educated middle-class \u2018elites\u2019 generally at the helm of socialist parties \u2013 with \u2018primordial\u2019 racial or national identification.<\/p>\n<p>As with the racism exhibited by poor Irish-Americans against former African-American slaves who migrated North after the U.S. Civil War (1860-65), the lowest income strata is often most resistant to new arrivals, who may be seen, and are often depicted in the media, as competitors for jobs, housing and other government services.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Brexit Effect<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Whether, and for how long, Irish politics avoids the gravitational pull of far-right Populism is unclear. Certainly Brexit stoked identity politics in Ireland by amplifying latent anti-English prejudices.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, over the course of protracted negotiations, the Irish media lampooned English nostalgia \u2013 emanating from \u2018<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">swivel-eyed loons<\/span>\u2019 \u2013 for a bygone, imperial age. The <em>Irish Times<\/em> leading columnist Fintan O\u2019Toole even boasted that for the first time in history Ireland, with a population of under five million, was now <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/fintan-o-toole-for-the-first-time-since-1171-ireland-is-more-powerful-than-britain-1.4014922?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Ffintan-o-toole-for-the-first-time-since-1171-ireland-is-more-powerful-than-britain-1.4014922\">a more powerful State than the U.K.<\/a><\/span>,<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a> which has a population of almost seventy million.<\/p>\n<p>Also, in the run-up to the U.K.\u2019s last general election <em>Irish Times<\/em> columnists poured scorn on<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/finn-mcredmond-like-tories-corbyn-has-failed-ireland-1.3995334\"> the \u2018extremism\u2019 of both Boris Johnson\u2019s Conservatives and Jeremy Corbyn\u2019s Labour<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a> Implicit was the idea that Ireland\u2019s centre-right consensus was eminently preferable, but an unintended consequence may have been to bolster support for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/sinn-fein-pledges-to-secure-border-poll-within-five-years-978299.html\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Sinn F\u00e9in party pledging a border poll<\/span> <\/a>(to bring about a united Ireland) within five years.<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>At least Irish nationalism tends to oppose unsavoury outlooks identified with English nationalism, including a xenophobia previously directed against Irish living there. Sinn F\u00e9in has also tempered historic anti-E.U. sentiment in the wake of Brexit, perhaps on the basis that \u2018my enemies enemy is my friend.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, Ireland\u2019s openness to foreign investment, and low corporation taxation, means <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/global\/democracy-in-decay-steve-bannon-and-jordan-peterson\/\">Steve Bannon<\/a><\/span> \u2013 and presumably Donald Trump who owns a golf course and hotel in Doonbeg, County Clare \u2013 see little reason to interfere in Irish politics, with U.S. armed service personel permitted to use Shannon Airport as a stopover. But this might change if the rise of the left, especially Sinn F\u00e9in, continues unabated.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Arch-Imperialist Mike Pence was today greeting American troops in Shannon Airport<\/p>\n<p>It is a continuing disgrace to the Irish people that American Imperialism should be allowed to use any part of Ireland as a military staging ground<\/p>\n<p>US Out of Shannon Now! <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/EndImperialism?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#EndImperialism<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/YY2WzAG13r\">pic.twitter.com\/YY2WzAG13r<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Anti Imperialist Action Ireland (@AIAIreland) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AIAIreland\/status\/1221136778524090370?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 25, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Radical Redistribution<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The absence of a legacy of heavy industry in the shape of rust-belt towns denies far-right Populists in Ireland the \u2018blue-collar\u2019 support base relied on by Trump, and Tory Brexiteers. On mainland Europe too, far-right Populists have successfully appealed to these working class former supporters of social democratic parties.<\/p>\n<p>Most of what passes for a working class in Ireland, historically, are really petit-bourgeois pastoralists, many of whose sons became publicans, auctioneers and shopkeepers, selling commodities on the international market, and in recent times relying on grant aid from the European Union. These farmers have tended to vote overwhelmingly for one or other of the centre-right parties. But Irish society, and politics, is in a period of significant flux.<\/p>\n<p>The two main centre-right parties are now struggling to retain the support of an aging, and shrinking, livestock farming cohort. That sector is in crisis owing to a slump in beef prices and existential fears around climate chaos and Brexit. Over the course of the past year, supermarkets and processing plants have been blockaded, as <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agriland.ie\/farming-news\/dairy-farmers-urged-to-rebuild-relationship-with-beef-farmers\/\">a schism grows between better-off dairy farmers and beef farmers<\/a><\/span>, overwhelmingly reliant on subsidies.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Irish farmers blockade Tesco distribution centre <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/KFmEqKiHJs\">https:\/\/t.co\/KFmEqKiHJs<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/I3gHgvE8S4\">pic.twitter.com\/I3gHgvE8S4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; P&amp;J Farming (@PandJFarming) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PandJFarming\/status\/1204706779415732224?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 11, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, with a population approaching two million that dwarfs the other main urban centres of Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Galway that barely register half a million between them, the capital Dublin is the economic engine of the country. But chronic under-investment in transport infrastructure and social housing has brought <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/business\/economy\/dublin-rents-to-rise-17-by-2021-due-to-lack-of-supply-report-finds-1.3853074?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fdublin-rents-to-rise-17-by-2021-due-to-lack-of-supply-report-finds-1.3853074\">spiralling rents<\/a><\/span><a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a> in the capital, affecting the young disproportionately. Therefore, calls for a radical redistribution of wealth, along with action on climate change, are growing louder.<\/p>\n<p>Across the country, the rising cost of living, from property to health and <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/cost-of-childcare-ireland-4826855-Sep2019\/\">childcare<\/a><\/span>, since recovery from the Economic Crash of 2008 and subsequent EU\/IMF bailout is disrupting the centre-right consensus, dominant since the state\u2019s foundation.<\/p>\n<p>Riding high in the polls, Sinn F\u00e9in only emerged after the end of the Northern Ireland Troubles in 1999 as a serious force in the South. It has successfully twinned the objective of achieving Irish unity with radical (at least for Ireland) redistribution, pledging to enshrine the right to a home in the Irish Constitution. Its manifesto also promises to pay back \u20ac1,500 to renters, a three-year rent freeze, and <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jan\/31\/sinn-fein-ireland-left-election-ira\">the largest public housing funding scheme the state has ever seen<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7203\" style=\"width: 731px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7203\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/SinnFein-300x142.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"731\" height=\"346\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sinn F\u00e9in MPs, MLAs &amp; TDs gather ahead of the D\u00e1il100 event.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On the centre-right Fianna F\u00e1il appears to be regaining pre-eminence, after riding pillion passenger with the minority Fine Gael administration. A formal coalition of these two is the most likely outcome of the election. Nevertheless, for their combined share of the vote to drop significantly below 50% is unprecedented.<\/p>\n<p>As in the last <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/global\/u-k-election-2019-optimism-despair-and-the-fingerprints-of-steve-bannon\/\">U.K. election<\/a><\/span>, there is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redcresearch.ie\/general-election-2020-younger-voters-flock-to-sinn-fein\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">huge divergence between the voting intentions of the young and the old<\/span><\/a>, with the former despairing at the failure of successive administrations to deliver affordable housing, public transport, address the climate and biodiversity emergency or further the cause of Irish unity. Similarly to the U.K. too, the left in Ireland suffers from a factionalism that makes a grand coalition unlikely.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Labour leader Brendan Howlin said he is hopeful of a progressive alliance after the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/GE2020?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GE2020<\/a>. He said there are \u201cvery serious barriers\u201d to working with Sinn F\u00e9in. He said, \u201cThere are fundamental issues of trust about who runs SF.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0KvTLlmbdY\">pic.twitter.com\/0KvTLlmbdY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Petula Martyn (@petulamartyn) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/petulamartyn\/status\/1222139247571951617?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 28, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>PD Nation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Over the course of Irish history neither of the two dominant centre-right parties have been over-burdened by ideology, although <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theirishstory.com\/2013\/12\/16\/book-review-a-just-society-for-ireland\/#.Xjg8giPLdPY\">Fine Gael\u2019s \u2018Just Society\u2019-wing<\/a><\/span> endeavoured to forge a social democratic party in the late 1960s.<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a> Today, predictably, Fianna F\u00e1il lays claim to more centrist policies with campaign literature proclaiming \u2018an Ireland for all.\u2019<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MichealMartinTD?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@MichealMartinTD<\/a>\u2019s priority is to put a roof over every family\u2019s head and ensure timely access to health services. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/vmtvbigdebate?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#vmtvbigdebate<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/GE2020?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GE2020<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/AnIrelandForAll?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#AnIrelandForAll<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/khKYMrXuYk\">pic.twitter.com\/khKYMrXuYk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Fianna F\u00e1il (@fiannafailparty) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fiannafailparty\/status\/1222998123640913933?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 30, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Extended periods in opposition have tended to witness greater emphasis on left-wing causes by both parties. Once a government is formed, however, the \u2018realities\u2019 of power, often enunciated by a stubborn legion of Sir Humphreys in the civil service, brings business as usual.<\/p>\n<p>Famously, in 1987 after hounding Fine Gael for its attempts to curb government expenditure in order to reduce the national debt, Fianna F\u00e1il under Charlie Haughey introduced a series of its own swingeing cut backs.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Charles Haughey: &quot;We Are Living Away Beyond Our Means&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GoXYTHlWXvQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In Ireland, substantive reforms arrive pitifully slowly as manifold Quangos, persistent Nimbyism and entrenched property interests inhibit infrastructural schemes, with the notable exception of motorways in <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/uncategorized\/drive-time-the-irish-medias-message\/\">a car-centric country<\/a><\/span>. Tellingly, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/dublin\/2019\/0213\/1029375-dublin-traffic-survey\/.\">Dublin is the third worst city in the world for traffic congestion<\/a><\/span><a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a> due to long term failures in delivering public transport, and historic corruption in land rezoning that brought a judicial tribunal lasting for fifteen years due to constant legal challenges.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the Irish economy has grown exponentially since the mid-1990s \u2013 reversing long-term emigration trends and attracting signification immigration for the first time \u2013 notwithstanding the catastrophic EU\/IMF Bailout of 2010.<\/p>\n<p>The Progressive Democrats (popularly referred to as the PDs), a breakaway party from Fianna F\u00e1il that first enjoyed success in the 1987 election, played an important role in laying the foundations for the sustained economic growth and high employment that ensued from the mid-1990s.<\/p>\n<p>Under the leadership of Desmond O\u2019Malley, Mary Harney and Michael McDowell, the party sought to modernise the country, preferring the private sector to assume the role of an often inefficient (and corrupt) State. Despite its Fianna F\u00e1il origins, the PD\u2019s economically liberal agenda appealed to business-minded Fine Gael supporters, despairing at that party\u2019s handling of the economy.<\/p>\n<p>Although the party reached a high water mark in the 1987 election and steadily declined thereafter, before disappearing entirely in 2009, it left an indelible mark on successive governments. This helped created the so-called Celtic Tiger, with Ireland moving \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.herald.ie\/opinion\/columnists\/dan-white\/dan-white-harney-was-right-we-are-closer-to-boston-than-berlin-27980646.html\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">closer to Boston than Berlin<\/span><\/a>\u2019, in the words of Mary Harney in 2000.<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[xii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The PDs were coalition partner to Fianna F\u00e1il over the course of four administrations (1989-92, 1997-2002, 2002-2007, and 2007-2009), securing Ireland\u2019s position as a low tax haven for foreign multinationals. But the delivery of social and affordable housing was left in the hands of the private sector, which yielded <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ucd.ie\/geary\/static\/publications\/workingpapers\/gearywp201615.pdf\">insufficient units throughout the boom years<\/a><\/span>. Moreover, the State, including local authorities, lost its capacity to construct social housing, from which it has been slow to recover.<\/p>\n<p>Not only did PD ideology influence Fianna F\u00e1il \u2013 with Minister for Finance (1997-2004) <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/des-o-malley-i-didn-t-have-a-thick-enough-skin-1.1975943\">Charlie McCreevy<\/a><\/span> once flirting with membership \u2013 but also Fine Gael. Thus, the former leader and Minister for Health (2004-11) Mary Harney is recorded as a confidant of Taoiseach Varadkar, who rose to prominence as<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> a staunch critic of his own party\u2019s social democratic tendencies.<\/span><a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[xiii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Under neo-liberal policies, in particular the low corporation tax regime of 12.5%, Ireland attracted significant foreign direct investment, with global technology giants such as Google, Facebook and Apple establishing European headquarters, along with pharmaceutical firms like Pfizer.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7204\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7204\" style=\"width: 666px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7204\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Google-HQ-Dublin-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"666\" height=\"375\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google HQ, Dublin, Ireland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Low interest rates after joining the euro also contributed to runaway inflation in house prices until the bubble burst after 2008, leading to negative equity that ruined hundreds of thousands. Many workers, especially in the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/business\/construction\/construction-worker-shortage-putting-housing-and-infrastructure-projects-at-risk-1.3486207?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fconstruction%2Fconstruction-worker-shortage-putting-housing-and-infrastructure-projects-at-risk-1.3486207\">construction sector<\/a><\/span>, were forced to leave Ireland for good. But consistent tax returns from the employees of multinationals in particular, allowed the exchequer finances to recover more rapidly than expected.<\/p>\n<p>The EU\/IMF Bailout stabilised property values, and the low taxation regime continued to attract investment into the Irish market, resulting in a bonanza for the surviving indigenous landlords. But the restoration is now working to the detriment of much of the indigenous population, with salaries failing to keep pace with <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/dublin-rent-europe-4538856-Mar2019\/\">rental costs<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[xiv]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>New Ireland<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Away from the economy, over the course of the last decade, a new species of identity politics took centre stage, dividing upholders of \u2018traditional\u2019 Catholic values and \u2018modern\u2019 liberals, mainly of a younger vintage. Battles lines were drawn over marriage equality and reproductive rights, with liberal values emerging triumphant in two referendums.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7206\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7206\" style=\"width: 663px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7206\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/REPEAL_YES01-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"663\" height=\"442\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7206\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dublin Castle after 8th Referendum results declared.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Similar to \u2018One Nation\u2019 Tories led by <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/politics\/david-cameron-and-the-origins-of-brexit\/\">David Cameron<\/a><\/span>, Fine Gael under first Enda Kenny and then <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/politics\/leo-liberal\/\">Leo Varadkar<\/a><\/span> embraced a liberal social agenda, with the gay half-Indian Varadkar\u2019s accession to power a symbol of widespread tolerance, and acceptance of diversity.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, although the country has experienced an unprecedented surge in immigration since the turn of the millennium, with the number of non-national inhabitants now almost<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/irish-population-rises-by-64500-bringing-it-to-almost-5m-946672.html\"> 13% of the total<\/a><\/span>,<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[xv]<\/a> there is little sing of a far-right Populist insurgency.<\/p>\n<p>Brexit also provided the Irish government with an opportunity to play a card generally monopolised by more nationalistic political rivals \u2013 with Varadkar speculating on the possibility of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/varadkar-says-he-would-like-to-see-a-united-ireland-in-his-lifetime-1.4062543\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">a united Ireland in his lifetime<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[xvi]<\/a> \u2013 although the bizarre decision to commemorate the RIC seems to have used up that political capital.<\/p>\n<p>The other side of Fine Gael\u2019s liberal coin has been a conservative reluctance to interfere in the economy, particularly where provision of social housing has been concerned. In part at least, this stems from Leo Varadkar\u2019s apparent aversion to anything hinting at socialism. Thus he complained in a 2018 speech about those who wanted \u2018to divide our society into people who live in different areas, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/social-housing-private-housing-4255285-Sep2018\/\"><em>with some people paying for everything<\/em><\/a><\/span>.\u2019<a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[xvii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Real Estate Investment Trusts<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The scale of an unfolding Housing Crisis, however, of unaffordable rents, homelessness and under-supply is now even attracting criticism from former PD leader, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelmcdowell.ie\/moving-left-or-simply-moving-on.html\">Michael McDowell, who recently wrote<\/a><\/span>:<\/p>\n<p><em>There is an ideological problem here. The private sector cannot solve the issue. The State must intervene to boost housing supply \u2013 social and owner-occupied. Even the term \u201cprivate sector\u201d is mutating before our eyes. When Reits <\/em>[real estate investment trusts]<em> buy entire developments to let at high rents \u2013 a new phenomenon \u2013 that has become the new meaning of the \u201cprivate sector\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The difficulty is that the extraordinary scale of public debt \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/commodity.com\/debt-clock\/ireland\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">now standing at over \u20ac200 billion, and growing<\/span><\/a> \u2013 demands consistent economic growth seemingly for evermore as the interest compounds. This has led to deference towards multinationals, including preserving <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/editorial\/the-irish-times-view-on-property-investment-funds-doing-the-reit-thing-1.4045602?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2Fthe-irish-times-view-on-property-investment-funds-doing-the-reit-thing-1.4045602\">a low, or non-existent, corporation tax regime<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[xviii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the mean time, indigenous <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shelflife.ie\/bibby-irish-smes-struggling-with-rising-costs\/\">SMEs are struggling<\/a><\/span>,<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[xix]<\/a> to compete with the economies of scales of large corporations such as Ikea, which opened <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/massive-ikea-store-approved-for-dublin-314846.html\">a massive 30,000 square foot outlet outside Dublin in 2007<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[xx]<\/a> Around the country out-of-town shopping centres denude cities and towns of independent retailers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7207\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7207\" style=\"width: 703px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7207\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IkeaBallymun-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"468\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7207\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ikea, Ballymun, Dublin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Allegiance to the centre-right has previously been secured by an expectation among property owners that mortgages will ultimately yield capital appreciation. This requires consistent economic growth, which without adequate rent control measures has brought the rental inflation driving younger voters into the arms of Sinn F\u00e9in, and other left-wing parties.<\/p>\n<p>Younger buyers are still assisted by inter-generational transfers, but this is a single step on a steep ladder. Decades of mortgage repayments await, alongside spiralling childcare and healthcare costs. Although Leo Varadkar claims to represent <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/politics\/the-late-risers-manifesto-2020\/\">early rising<\/a><\/span> workers, in fact his government\u2019s <em>laissez faire<\/em> policies are to the advantage of substantial <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/rentier\"><em>rentier<\/em><\/a><\/span> property owners.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">I am a champion for the self-employed &amp; people who get up early in the morning and nobody gets up earlier than the Irish farmer! As long as I am around self employed people will never be taken for granted <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/IFAAGM?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#IFAAGM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Leo Varadkar (@LeoVaradkar) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/LeoVaradkar\/status\/953346672444231682?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 16, 2018<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the Fine Gael government\u2019s promise <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/election-2020-fine-gael-promises-end-to-boom-and-bust-9dk70kjdj\">to bring an end to boom and bust economic cycles<\/a><\/span><a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[xxi]<\/a> through fiscal probity is pie in the sky, given the susceptibility of an open Irish economy to international currents, in particular <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/3957499\/american-economic-crises-history\/\">an historically volatile U.S. economy<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[xxii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>As the 2008 Crash proved, a fairy tale of Irish economic growth-without-end cannot endure \u2013 quite aside from ecological constraints \u2013 given the inherent volatility of the capitalist system itself. As <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/davidgraeber?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">David Graeber<\/a><\/span> explains: \u2018Capitalism is a system that enshrines the gambler as an essential part of its operation, in a way that no other ever has, yet at the same time, capitalism seems to be uniquely incapable of conceiving of its own eternity.\u2019<a href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[xxiii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>With steady U.S. economic growth the Irish economy is likely to continue to grow in tandem, as has been the case since the 1990s, but another U.S. recession could see a Populist far-right emerge from out of the long grass in Ireland.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Direct Provision<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>September\u2019s well-organised <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/connacht\/2019\/0928\/1078800-oughterard-direct-provision\/\">protests in the small town of Oughterard<\/a><\/span> in County Galway,<a href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[xxiv]<\/a> along with demonstrations against other proposed Direct Provision accommodation centres for refugee and asylum seekers, indicates a new anti-immigrant mood in rural Ireland. But unless, or until, one of the three main nationalists parties embraces such an outlook it is likely to remain marginal.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7208\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7208\" style=\"width: 682px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7208\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Blueshirts-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"682\" height=\"500\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7208\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Irish &#8216;Blueshirts&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>With origins in the \u2018Blueshirt\u2019 fascist movement of the 1930s, Fine Gael has occasionally accommodated far-right views throughout its history. One prominent anti-Semite of the 1940s was <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/comment-anti-semitism-was-rife-when-ireland-shut-the-door-to-jews-seeking-refuge-35999118.html\">Oliver J. Flanagan<\/a><\/span>, ironically the late father of the current Minister for Justice Charlie Flanagan, who has promised to introduce anti-hate crime legislation; much to the chagrin of far-right vloggers, such as the journalist-turned-far-right-politician Gemma O\u2019Doherty.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Racist Gemma O&#039;Doherty walks into a Halal Shop and says....\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lBSUQ1OWzF4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Leo Varadkar has also issued the occasional anti-immigrant dog whistle himself, describing the latter-day Poorhouse of Direct Provision centres as <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/taoiseach-says-direct-provision-better-than-using-tents-38647784.html\">\u2018necessary to avoid having asylum seekers using tents,\u2019<\/a><\/span><a href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[xxv]<\/a> and then identifying <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/leo-varadkar-says-georgia-and-albania-driving-rise-in-asylum-seeker-numbers-961488.html\">particular nationalities with driving a rise in asylum applications<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[xxvi]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Varadkar appears to assume that a half-Indian background insulates him from accusations of racism. Thus, in response to People Before Profit\u2019s Br\u00edd Smith\u2019s criticism in the D\u00e1il of Fine Gael\u2019s recent by-election candidate Verona Murphy \u2013 who had claimed asylum seekers as young as three years-of-age could be influenced by ISIS \u2013 he claimed to know \u2018<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/taoiseach-stands-by-verona-murphy-despite-further-controversial-remarks-1.4088124?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftaoiseach-stands-by-verona-murphy-despite-further-controversial-remarks-1.4088124\">a little more about experiencing racism than perhaps you do<\/a><\/span>.\u2019<a href=\"#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[xxvii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fine Gael has since de-selected the Wexford woman, who is standing as an independent in the forthcoming election. Yet even <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/danny-healy-rae-defends-noel-grealish-for-comments-about-nigeria-963665.html\">Danny Healy-Rae<\/a><\/span> (the brother of the aforementioned Michael) was able to expose the hypocrisy of Varadkar\u2019s criticism of Noel Grealish\u2019s inflammatory (and erroneous) D\u00e1il speech on Nigerians sending home remittances.<a href=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[xxviii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fine Gael\u2019s overriding focus, however, is to deliver the elixir of economic growth, rising rents, and well-remunerated jobs, through foreign direct investment, while embracing further integration with the European Union. Anti-immigration rhetoric jeopardises that political and economic formula.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sinn F\u00e9in, Fianna F\u00e1il and Aont\u00fa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Given a nationalist background in Northern Irish politics, and historic advocacy of protectionist economic policies outside the E.U., Sinn F\u00e9in might seem a likely candidate for adopting a nativist agenda. But the Party has remained faithful to its anti-colonial principles and avoids Populist anti-immigrant messaging. Moreover, many of Sinn F\u00e9in\u2019s new cohort of young supporters would be alienated by such an approach.<\/p>\n<p>Under the steadying hand of Miche\u00e1l Martin, Fianna F\u00e1il stands on the brink of power, either in coalition with Fine Gael or perhaps a combination of other parties. Under his guidance the party is highly unlikely to embrace any form of far-right Populism. But another recession, and a further leftward surge, could tear up that playbook, with a different outlook emerging under new leadership.<\/p>\n<p>Although Martin advocated for a \u2018Yes\u2019 vote in the abortion referendum, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/abortion-referendum\/more-than-half-of-fianna-fail-parliamentary-party-backing-no-vote-in-referendum-36870462.html\">a majority within the Fianna F\u00e1il parliamentary party opposed repeal of the Eighth Amendment<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[xxix]<\/a> Notwithstanding its crushing defeat in the 2018 referendum, there exists in Ireland a substantial and well-organised anti-abortion movement, prompted by journalists and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCT9D87j5W7PtE7NHOR5DUOQ\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">vloggers<\/span><\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[xxx]<\/a> which might easily fall in behind a large party such as Fianna F\u00e1il, as occurred with the Brexiter takeover of the Tories in the U.K..<\/p>\n<p>Opposition to abortion services does not necessarily connote adherence to a broad spectrum of far-right ideas, but nor is it a stand-alone issue. Far-right ideologues around the world, including in Ireland, speak of a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/08\/06\/us\/politics\/grand-replacement-explainer.html\">Great Replacement<\/a><\/span> conspiracy theory wherein the native population is replaced by immigrants. Abortion is considered a means of diminishing the indigenous population.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/Matelot1325\/status\/1223753132481576960<\/p>\n<p>Undeniably, Peader T\u00f3ib\u00edn, the leader of the newcomer Aont\u00fa represents the views of many in \u2018middle\u2019 or \u2018forgotten\u2019 Ireland. It will be intriguing to see how this conservative party performs in the forthcoming election.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/peadar-t%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn-s-immigration-remarks-spark-heavy-criticism-1.3853813\">After splitting from Sinn F\u00e9in to launch the party in 2019 T\u00f3ib\u00edn said<\/a><\/span>:<\/p>\n<p><em>There is no doubt there is a growing unease and concern among many people in Ireland around the issue of immigration. Our view is very simple, there needs to be sustainable levels of immigration in this country, it needs to be managed. There needs to be some link between the capacity of the country and the numbers of people coming in if there\u2019s not there\u2019s going to be hardship for indigenous and newcomers alike.<a href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\"><strong>[xxxi]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Should Aont\u00fa achieve electoral success on the issue of immigration in a future election, it would not require a great leap of imagination to envision \u2018soul-searching\u2019 in Fianna F\u00e1il that leads to a \u2018harder line\u2019 being taken on immigration, and perhaps the embrace of other far-right platforms. Aont\u00fa may not survive long, but like PDs they could leave an indelible imprint on Irish politics.<\/p>\n<p>Climate change denial would also appeal to farmers under pressure to reduce emissions from a sector contributing 34% of the national total; as well as a motor car-lobby resistant to carbon taxes and public transport.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Cognitive Dissonance<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thankfully, it requires a degree of cognitive dissonance for the far-right in Ireland to adopt the anti-immigrant rhetoric employed in the U.S. and U.K..<\/p>\n<p>First and foremost, Irish people have emigrated in extraordinary numbers over the course of the past two centuries. Secondly, it can hardly be argued that the country lacks space given the population density was greater in the 1840s than today. Indeed, stemming a decline in rural Ireland\u2019s population is an ongoing challenge.<\/p>\n<p>The furore over Direct Provision is better assessed in terms of a housing crisis in the greater Dublin region. This led to the State securing cheap properties elsewhere; perhaps in an attempt to avoid the accusation that it looks after refugees, while failing to provide accommodation for homeless in the capital.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, anyone appraised of Irish history will be aware that the Irish \u2018nation\u2019 is a composite of many waves of migration and conquests. The medieval <em>Book of Invasion<\/em> (<em>Lebor Gab\u00e1la \u00c9renn<\/em>) tells of the land being taken over six times by six different peoples. Thus James Joyce argued: \u2018What race or language \u2026 can nowadays claim to be pure? No race has less right to make such a boast than the one presently inhabiting Ireland.\u2019<a href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[xxxii]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7209\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7209\" style=\"width: 691px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7209\" src=\"http:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Joyceguitar-300x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"541\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7209\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Joyce: &#8216;What race or language \u2026 can nowadays claim to be pure?&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\"><\/a>With the institutions of the Irish state ill-equipped for a significant influx, however, friction with an indigenous population confronting a housing and homelessness crisis, if unchecked, seems inevitable.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Island Nation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Operating as an offshore member of the European Union, located between the two most populous (and powerful!) English-speaking nations brings significant advantages to an Irish State that struggled to hold its people for the first eighty years of independence. The Industrial Development Authority, established in the late 1940s, has played a crucial role in attracting some of the largest companies in the world, providing secure employment for indigenous and foreign workers under a low corporation taxation regime that infuriates many of Ireland\u2019s E.U. partners.<\/p>\n<p>The EU\/IMF Bailout, however \u2013 through which the State consented to take on the debts owing to unsecured bond holders \u2013 is a Faustian Pact mandating economic-growth-without-end to prevent another debt crisis. It has restored the price of property, and rents, to levels seen during the Celtic Tiger era.<\/p>\n<p>A low corporation taxation regime and lack of significant property taxes attracted the interest real estate investment trusts (Reits) that have brought the boom back with a vengeance. This works to the benefit of an ever-shrinking proportion of the population, with the young in particular struggling to live in a capital ill-served by public transport.<\/p>\n<p>Long term, to address the extraordinary wealth tied-up in property meaningful land taxes ought to be introduced. Here, unfortunately, Sinn F\u00e9in has evinced reluctance to introduce what might prove unpopular measures in the short term; proposing instead to phase out unpopular local property taxes, and<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/sinn-f%C3%A9in-unveils-plans-for-dramatic-increase-in-public-spending-1.4154513?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsinn-f%25C3%25A9in-unveils-plans-for-dramatic-increase-in-public-spending-1.4154513\"> only to tax the earnings of Reits<\/a><\/span>.<a href=\"#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[xxxiii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/brainstorm\/2017\/1017\/912913-how-a-land-value-tax-could-solve-many-economic-headaches\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">land taxes<\/span><\/a><a href=\"#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[xxxiv]<\/a> could bring more land into productive use by penalising land-hording, permitting young people to buy homes at more affordable prices from empty-nesting elders, who should be accommodated in smaller, climate-friendly units. A reduction in the cost of agricultural would also encourage the development of <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.3318\/priac.2015.115.05?seq=1\">alternative<\/a><\/span>, climate-friendly, agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>In the wake of Brexit, Ireland may re-assess its relationship with an E.U. (including the euro) struggling to contain atavistic forces in many countries. In the event of another global recession, the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/business-economy-euro\/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination\/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction\/stability-and-growth-pact_en\">Stability and Growth Pact<\/a><\/span>, requiring deficits to stay within 3%, should not impede the State from responding with Keynesian measures. Otherwise austerity policies could lead to a Populist far-right gaining traction.<\/p>\n<p>The Irish general election of 2020 may prove a watershed, with the duopoly of Fianna F\u00e1il and Fine Gael being knocked off their seemingly unassailable perch, and a more conventional left-right division developing. But the politics of identity may derail ambitious social programmes, with the question of the border unresolved.<\/p>\n<p>A ongoing challenge for the left, and Irish progressives more broadly, is to develop a fair distribution of resources, and sustainability, in a State still bearing the wounds of colonisation.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Featured Image (c) Daniele Idini.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Shakalak - The Boom Is Back\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zS445szZy94?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Fiachra \u00d3 Cionnaith, \u2018TD calling for no-confidence vote in Simon Harris\u2019, <em>RT\u00c9<\/em>, January 9<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/politics\/2020\/0109\/1105248-politics-no-confidence-motion\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> Michael Staines, \u2018Come Out Ye Black and Tans tops Charts in the UK and Ireland after RIC controversy\u2019, Newstalk, January 9<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.newstalk.com\/news\/wolfe-tones-come-out-black-and-tans-947680<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> Paul Reynolds, \u2018Drogheda feud reaches new level of barbarity with teenager&#8217;s murder\u2019,<em> RT\u00c9<\/em>, 18<sup>th<\/sup> of January, 2020, https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/crime\/2020\/0117\/1108136-mulready-woods-drogheda\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> Conrad Duncan, \u2018\u2018Absolutely disgusting\u2019: Homeless man suffers \u2018life-changing\u2019 injuries after tent cleared away by Dublin city council\u2019, <em>Independent<\/em>, January 15<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/homeless-man-life-changing-injuries-dublin-city-council-ireland-varadkar-a9284936.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> Fintan O\u2019Toole, \u2018Fintan O\u2019Toole: For the first time since 1171, Ireland is more powerful than Britain\u2019, September 14<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/fintan-o-toole-for-the-first-time-since-1171-ireland-is-more-powerful-than-britain-1.4014922?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Ffintan-o-toole-for-the-first-time-since-1171-ireland-is-more-powerful-than-britain-1.4014922<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> Finn McRedmond, \u2018Finn McRedmond: Like Tories, Corbyn has failed Ireland\u2019, August 24<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/finn-mcredmond-like-tories-corbyn-has-failed-ireland-1.3995334<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> Press Association, \u2018Sinn F\u00e9in pledges to secure border poll within five years\u2019, <em>Breaking News<\/em>\u00b8 January 28<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/sinn-fein-pledges-to-secure-border-poll-within-five-years-978299.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> Sorcha Pollak, \u2018Dublin rents to rise 17% by 2021 due to lack of supply, report finds\u2019, <em>Irish Times<\/em> April 8th, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/business\/economy\/dublin-rents-to-rise-17-by-2021-due-to-lack-of-supply-report-finds-1.3853074?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fdublin-rents-to-rise-17-by-2021-due-to-lack-of-supply-report-finds-1.3853074<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> Roisin Agnew, \u2018Can Sinn F\u00e9in\u2019s young voters finally pull Ireland to the left?\u2019 <em>The Guardian<\/em>, January 31<sup>st<\/sup>, 2020, \u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jan\/31\/sinn-fein-ireland-left-election-ira<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> Rhona McCord, \u2018Book Review, \u2018A Just Society for Ireland?\u2019\u2019 <em>The Irish Story<\/em>, December 16<sup>th<\/sup>, 2013, https:\/\/www.theirishstory.com\/2013\/12\/16\/book-review-a-just-society-for-ireland\/#.Xjg8giPLdPY<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a> Fergal O\u2019Brien, Dublin third worst city for time spent sitting in traffic \u2013 survey, RT\u00c9, February `13th, 2019, https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/dublin\/2019\/0213\/1029375-dublin-traffic-survey\/.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[xii]<\/a> Dan White, \u2018Dan White: Harney was right &#8212; we are closer to Boston than Berlin\u2019, Herald.ie, May 24<sup>th<\/sup>, 2011, https:\/\/www.herald.ie\/opinion\/columnists\/dan-white\/dan-white-harney-was-right-we-are-closer-to-boston-than-berlin-27980646.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a> Frank Armstrong, \u2018Leo-Liberal\u2019, <em>Cassandra Voices<\/em>, October 5<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/cassandravoices.com\/current-affairs\/politics\/leo-liberal\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a> Sean Murray, \u2018Dublin now in top 5 most expensive places to rent in Europe, research finds\u2019, <em>The Journal<\/em>, \u00a0March 13<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/dublin-rent-europe-4538856-Mar2019\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[xv]<\/a> Kevin O\u2019Neill, \u2018Irish Population rises by 64,500 bringing it to almost 5m\u2019, <em>Irish Examiner<\/em>, August 28<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/irish-population-rises-by-64500-bringing-it-to-almost-5m-946672.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[xvi]<\/a> Untitled, \u2018Varadkar says he would like to see a united Ireland in his lifetime\u2019, <em>Irish Times<\/em>, October 25<sup>th<\/sup>, 2018, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/varadkar-says-he-would-like-to-see-a-united-ireland-in-his-lifetime-1.4062543<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[xvii]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thejournal.ie\/social-housing-private-housing-4255285-Sep2018\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[xviii]<\/a> Untitled, \u2018The Irish Times view on property investment funds: Doing the Reit thing\u2019, October 10<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/opinion\/editorial\/the-irish-times-view-on-property-investment-funds-doing-the-reit-thing-1.4045602?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2Fthe-irish-times-view-on-property-investment-funds-doing-the-reit-thing-1.4045602<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[xix]<\/a> Untitled, \u2018Bibby: Irish SMEs struggling with rising costs\u2019,<em> Shelf Life<\/em>, October 15<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.shelflife.ie\/bibby-irish-smes-struggling-with-rising-costs\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[xx]<\/a> Untitled, \u2018Massive IKEA store approved for Dublin\u2019, <em>BreakingNews.ie<\/em>, June 13<sup>th<\/sup>, 2007, https:\/\/www.breakingnews.ie\/ireland\/massive-ikea-store-approved-for-dublin-314846.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[xxi]<\/a> Brian Mahon \u2018Show Vendors, \u2018Election 2020: Fine Gael promises end to \u2018boom and bust\u2019\u2019, <em>The Times<\/em>, January 17<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/election-2020-fine-gael-promises-end-to-boom-and-bust-9dk70kjdj<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[xxii]<\/a> Dan Mitchell, \u2018These Were the 6 Major American Economic Crises of the Last Century\u2019, <em>Time Magazine<\/em>, July 16, 2015, https:\/\/time.com\/3957499\/american-economic-crises-history\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[xxiii]<\/a> David Graeber, <em>Debt: The First Five Thousand Years<\/em>, Melville, London, 2011, p.357<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[xxiv]<\/a> Eileen Magnier, \u2018Protest in Oughterard over possible direct provision centre\u2019, <em>RT\u00c9<\/em>, September 28<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/connacht\/2019\/0928\/1078800-oughterard-direct-provision\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[xxv]<\/a> Kevin Doyle, \u2018Taoiseach says direct provision &#8216;better than using tents&#8217;\u2019 <em>Irish Independent<\/em>, October 31<sup>st<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/taoiseach-says-direct-provision-better-than-using-tents-38647784.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[xxvi]<\/a> Untitled, \u2018Leo Varadkar says Georgia and Albania driving rise in asylum-seeker numbers\u2019, <em>BreakingNews.ie<\/em>, November 3<sup>rd<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/leo-varadkar-says-georgia-and-albania-driving-rise-in-asylum-seeker-numbers-961488.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[xxvii]<\/a> Pat Leahy, \u2018Taoiseach stands by Verona Murphy despite further controversial remarks\u2019, November 19<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/taoiseach-stands-by-verona-murphy-despite-further-controversial-remarks-1.4088124?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftaoiseach-stands-by-verona-murphy-despite-further-controversial-remarks-1.4088124<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[xxviii]<\/a> Vivienne Clarke, \u2018Danny Healy-Rae defends Noel Grealish for comments about Nigeria\u2019, <em>Irish Examiner<\/em>, November 13<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/breakingnews\/ireland\/danny-healy-rae-defends-noel-grealish-for-comments-about-nigeria-963665.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[xxix]<\/a> Philip Ryan, \u2018More than half of Fianna F\u00e1il parliamentary party backing &#8216;no&#8217; vote in referendum\u2019, <em>Irish Independent<\/em>, May 3<sup>rd<\/sup>, 2018, https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/abortion-referendum\/more-than-half-of-fianna-fail-parliamentary-party-backing-no-vote-in-referendum-36870462.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[xxx]<\/a> For example: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCT9D87j5W7PtE7NHOR5DUOQ<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[xxxi]<\/a> Fiach Kelly, \u2018Peadar T\u00f3ib\u00edn\u2019s immigration remarks spark heavy criticism\u2019, <em>Irish Times<\/em>, April 8<sup>th<\/sup>, 2019, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/peadar-t%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn-s-immigration-remarks-spark-heavy-criticism-1.3853813<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[xxxii]<\/a> James Joyce, \u2018Ireland: Island of Saints and Sages\u2019, <em>Occasional, Critical, and Political Writing<\/em>, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.118.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[xxxiii]<\/a> Pat Leahy, \u2018Sinn F\u00e9in unveils plans for dramatic increase in public spending\u2019,<em> Irish Times<\/em>, January 29<sup>th<\/sup>, 2020, https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/politics\/sinn-f%C3%A9in-unveils-plans-for-dramatic-increase-in-public-spending-1.4154513?mode=sample&amp;auth-failed=1&amp;pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsinn-f%25C3%25A9in-unveils-plans-for-dramatic-increase-in-public-spending-1.4154513<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[xxxiv]<\/a> Dr Frank Crowley, \u2018How a land value tax could solve many economic headaches\u2019,<em> RT\u00c9 Brainstorm<\/em>, October 18<sup>th<\/sup>, 2017, https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/brainstorm\/2017\/1017\/912913-how-a-land-value-tax-could-solve-many-economic-headaches\/.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Out of Ireland have we come. Great hatred, little room, Maimed us at the start. I carry from my mother&#8217;s womb A fanatic heart. W.B. Yeats, \u2018Remorse for Intemperate Speech\u2019 (1931) With proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies, Irish elections tend to be colourful affairs. Debate rarely rises above the clamour of claim and counter-claim as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,15],"tags":[623,1006,1136,1272,2236,2431,2489,3050,3052,3258,3310,3633,3638,4184,4302,4546,5099,5341,5438,5956,6107,7076,7476,7615,7719,7744,7851,8422,9708],"class_list":["post-7197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-irish","category-politics","tag-aontu","tag-black-and-tans","tag-brexit-effect","tag-capitalism","tag-david-graeber","tag-desmond-omalley","tag-direct-provision","tag-eu-stability-and-growth-pact","tag-eu-imf-bailout","tag-fianna-fail","tag-fine-gael","tag-ge2020","tag-gemma-odoherty","tag-housing-crisis","tag-identity-politics","tag-irish-elections","tag-just-society","tag-land-tax","tag-leo-varadkar","tag-mary-harney","tag-michael-mcdowell","tag-peader-toibin","tag-progressive-democrats","tag-radical-redistribution","tag-reits","tag-rent-freeze","tag-right-to-a-home","tag-sinn-fein","tag-united-ireland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casswp.eutonom.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}