Category: Society

  • The Rise of the Machines

    ‘Hey Siri, how will AI impact the Future of Work?’

    If you have already worked out that whoever lives inside your phone when you say ‘Hey Siri’ or ‘Hey Google’ can read emails out to you, find the nearest movie theatre, or reserve a restaurant table, then Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already in your life. AI automates ‘real time’ scans on your travels, gives current and projected weather data, identifies a spam mail, and, above all is operating on Google’s ever-evolving search engine.

    Businesses, big and small, are leveraging artificial intelligence in multiple ways. Large-scale organisations are already making the move towards intelligent data analytics. Two prime examples are chatbots and recommendation systems that we encounter online almost every day. Artificial intelligence enables businesses to process bulky data in real-time. Through this, AI can provide meaningful insights into solving recurring business issues.

    For instance, businesses can identify inconsistencies in their operations and anomalies in their patterns to re-strategize their processes. Not just this, but through in-depth analysis provided by artificial intelligence, businesses can also determine the root cause of problems they face.

    ‘Data-driven’ and ‘AI-driven’ are not synonymous though. The former focuses on data and the latter on processing ability. Data holds the insights that can better enable decisions; processing is the way to extract those insights and take actions. Humans and AI are both processors, with very different abilities.

    Among the benefits that AI offer are:

    1. Activising quicker decisions: for example, oil companies can alter the price of gas according to the demand with the help of AI-powered pricing. Similarly, travel sites, retailers, and other services use dynamic pricing on a regular basis to improve their margins.
    2. Effective handling of multiple inputs: machines certainly can do better than humans when it comes to managing big data, and can make complex decisions to predict the best decision and avoid certain errors.
    3. Reduce fatigue: when people are forced to make numerous decisions in a limited time the quality of those decisions diminishes. This is the reason you see candy and snack bars near cash registers at supermarkets; shoppers get exhausted with so much decision-making while shopping, making it much more difficult to resist the sugar craving at the point of sale.

    Algorithms have a few weaknesses…

    Algorithms can help make equally good decisions at any point in time, helping executives to avoid bad decisions due to exhaustion. This can lead to non-intuitive predictions through more original thinking. Thus, through AI, executives can identify patterns that may not be immediately clear to human analysis.

    AI refers to machine intelligence or a machine’s ability to replicate the cognitive functions of a human being. It has the ability to learn and solve problems. In computer science, these machines are aptly called ‘intelligent agents’ or bots.

    There are three broad types or categories. Firstly, assisted intelligence, which refers to the automation of basic tasks. Examples include machines in assembly lines.

    Secondly, there is augmented intelligence, where there is give and take with augmented intelligence. An AI learns from human input. We, in turn, can make more accurate decisions based on AI information. As Anand Rao of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Data & Analytics puts it: ’There is symmetry with augmented intelligence.’

    Thirdly, there is autonomous intelligence AI, with humans out of the loop. Think self-driving cars and autonomous robots. We see this in something as basic as automatic photo-tagging on Facebook, which came out with an augmented reality application that employs deep learning in real-time object recognition in 2015. You can look forward to driver-less cars and so much more. In the same way, we can expect AI to be applied further in business, particularly in decision-making.

    Today’s AI systems start from zero and feed on a regular diet of big data. Data-supported decision-making has been a reality for quite some time now. AI has helped in improving innovativeness and the quality of decision-making. This is augmented intelligence in action, which eventually provides executives with sophisticated models as a basis for their decision-making.

    Marketing Decision-Making with AI helps in identifying and understanding customer needs and desires, and align products to these needs and desires. AI modelling and simulation techniques enable reliable insight into your buyer personas. These techniques are now used to predict consumer behaviour. Through a Decision Support System your artificial intelligence system is able to support decisions through real-time and up-to-date data gathering, forecasting, and trend analysis.

    Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is another area where Artificial intelligence involves automated functions such as contact management, data recording, and analyses and lead ranking. AI’s buyer persona modelling can also provide you with a prediction of a customer’s lifetime value. Sales and marketing teams can work more efficiently through these features. Recommendation System is another domain where the AI system learns a user’s content preferences and pushes content that fit those preferences. This can help you reduce bounce rate. Likewise, you can use information learned by your AI application to craft better targeted content.

    The many blessings of AI: Examples across Sectors

    Example of AI are noted across sectors. Volvo would be a good case in manufacturing since it uses AI to improve continually its safety reputation. In 2015, Volvo fitted 1,000 cars with sensors to detect and analyse driving conditions and to monitor the vehicle’s performance in hazardous conditions. The collected data is then uploaded to their cloud. Volvo works on this data with Teradata for carrying out machine-learning driven analysis across its collected data. Volvo’s early warning system now analyses over a million events per week to predict breakdowns and other failures in their cars.

    Energy is another sector where application of AI has emerged rapidly in the past five years. BP Plc for example has installed sensors in its gas and oil wells, which continuously collect data to monitor and understand the working conditions of the wells at each site, irrespective of the physical location. Analysing this data helps BP monitor and optimize the performance of their equipment and keep a tab on their maintenance needs to enable smooth and unhindered functioning. This improves operational efficiencies and cost-saving.

    The two keywords that we are beginning to see in any AI related discussion on debates are social computing and opinion mining. Social computing helps marketing professionals understand the social dynamics and behaviours of a target market: for example how the social media platforms can track, analyse, evaluate and project consumer behaviour.

    Opinion Mining is a form of data mining that searches the web for opinions and feelings. AI has helped shorten the long hours required to do this through reliable search and analyses functions. Typically search engines use this method, which continually rank people’s interests in specific web pages, websites and products. Thus perhaps when you visit a webpage it might tell you that ‘you have visited this page 20 times in the past seven days’.

    ‘In the end, all technology revolutions are propelled not just by discovery, but also by business and societal need. We pursue these new possibilities not because we can, but because we must.

    AI shall lead to enhanced decision-making for a wide range of business stakeholders. With increasing dependency on devices and mobile apps that are AI managed at the core, the new desire creation or consumption of some of these are AI-driven, consciously or unconsciously.

    Ethical Concerns

    Artificial intelligence is kind of the second coming of software. Instead of serving as a replacement for human intelligence and ingenuity, artificial intelligence is generally seen as a supporting tool. Prior to exploring the many ways that Artificial Intelligence can be defined or recognise potential opportunities and challenges in machine- or deep-learning, common debates seem to first point out some of the ethical concerns that AI brings in the contemporary society.

    Below is a summary of concerns and possible remedies in terms of AI that have been discussed by policymakers and scientists:

    (a) Increased application of automation technology will give rise to job losses, but applying the sophistication and complexity of AI should lead to the redeployment or workers, if necessary retraining them for tasks that are still the sole preserve of human beings.

    (b) AI will trigger continual machine interaction on human behaviour and attention, igniting a need to address algorithmic bias originating from human bias in the data.

    (c) We will need to mitigate against unintended consequences, as it is believed that smart machines may learn and develop independently.

    (d) Finally, it will be necessary to addresses burning issues around customer privacy, potential lack of transparency, and technological complexity.

    The benefits of AI, however, are so numerous and multi-dimensional that it would be a shame to dismiss this technology outright. For businesses, AI can support both product and process innovation.

    This includes improving simple features like simple spam filters, smart email categorisation, voice-to-text recognition, or utilising what our smart personal assistant – such as Siri, Cortana or ‘Google Now’ – can do for us on a daily basis, in addition to automated responders and online customer support.

    AI further helps in sales and business forecasting, improving security surveillance, as well as adjusting smart devices to accord with our behaviour.

    ‘Day-to-Day’ Benefits

    At a quick glance let us understand the ‘day-to-day’ benefits of AI for businesses. Firstly, AI improves customer services, linking to virtual assistant programs that provide real-time support to users (e.g. billing).

    Secondly it can efficiently optimise logistics and procurement assignments – e.g. using AI-powered image recognition tools to monitor and optimise infrastructure, plan transport routes, etc.

    Thirdly, AI improves and increases manufacturing output and efficiency, especially in the automobile industry production line, by integrating industrial robots into workflows, and teaching them to perform labour-intensive or mundane tasks.

    Fourthly, AI can predict performance, for example by using AI applications to determine when you might reach performance goals, such as in response time to help desk calls.

    Fifthly, AI can predict behaviour, for example by using Machine Learning algorithms to analyse patterns of online behaviour to, for example, serve tailored product offers, detect credit card fraud or target appropriate adverts. This list is certainly not exhaustive, but it gives an idea of the scope of benefits that AI brings to businesses.

    Along came Machine Learning and Deep Learning…

    Machine learning is one of the most common types of artificial intelligence in development for business purposes. It is primarily used to process rapidly large amounts of data.

    Machine learning is useful for putting vast troves of data –  increasingly captured by connected devices and the internet of things – into a digestible format for human consumption. For example, if you manage a manufacturing plant, almost all of your machinery is connected to the network.

    Connected devices feed a constant stream of data about functionality, production and more, to a central location. Unfortunately, it’s too much data for a human to ever sift through, and even if they could, they would likely miss most of the patterns. This is where Machine Learning really comes in.

    It is also a broad category. The development of artificial neural networks, an interconnected web of artificial intelligence ’nodes’, has given rise to what is known as ‘deep learning’.

    Deep learning is a more specific version of machine learning that relies on neural networks to engage in nonlinear reasoning. Deep learning is critical to performing more advanced functions, such as fraud detection. For example, for self-driving cars to work, several factors must be identified, analysed and responded to at once. Deep learning algorithms are used to help self-driving cars contextualize information picked up by their sensors, like the distance of other objects, the speed at which they are moving and a prediction of where they will be in five to ten seconds. All this information is calculated simultaneously to help a self-driving car make decisions such as when to switch lanes.

    It would be useful to look at some examples of how AI changes customer experiences as well as making business processes and internal systems more efficient.

    AI At Your (customers, retailers, supply chain, e-tails) Service

    Let’s turn our attention to Sephora, the makeup brand. When a customer walks into a Sephora store to find a makeup shade before trialling anything on the face a Colour IQ scans her face and provides personalized recommendations for foundation and concealer shades; while Lip IQ does the same to help find the perfect shade of lipstick. This can be a huge help to customers who know the stress of finding the perfect shade by trial and error!

    Walmart, the retail giant, are planning to use robots to help patrol their vast aisles. Walmart is testing shelf-scanning robots in dozens of its stores. The robots can scan shelves for missing items, items that need to be restocked or price tags that need to be changed. These robots can free human employees to spend more time with customers and ensure that customers aren’t faced with empty shelves.

    Another company to utilize AI is North Face. The company uses IBM Watson’s cognitive computing technology to ask questions of customers about where they’ll wear the coat and what they’ll be doing. Using that information, North Face can make personalized recommendations to help customers find the perfect coat for their activities.

    Uniqlo the clothing chain is another example. They are pioneering the use of AI to create a unique in-store experience. Select stores have now AI-powered UMood kiosks that show customers a variety of products and measures their reaction to the colour and style through neurotransmitters. Based on each person’s reactions, the kiosk then recommends products. Customers don’t even have to push a button; their brain signals are enough for the system to know how they feel about each item, which might sound a bit scary!

    Amazon Go is Amazon’s cashier-less grocery store where the company is attempting to revolutionize not only the way people shop online, but also the way we interact with bricks-and-mortar stores. The company completely automates the grocery shopping experience. Once the shopper checks in via app, the sensors throughout the store track whichever items they put in their basket. Once their shopping is complete, customers can just take their items and leave. No checkout lines, no cashiers, no baggers. Amazon automatically charges shoppers when they leave the store.

    Finally, an extended example would be DOMO, a fast-growing business management software company that has raised over $500 million in funding. They have created a dashboard that gathers information to help companies make decisions. The cloud-based dashboard can scale to the size of the company, so it can be used by teams as few as fifty, or by much larger enterprises. There are more than four hundred native software connectors that let Domo collect data from third-party apps, which can be used to offer insights and give context to business intelligence.

    This gives companies using Domo a way to pull data from Salesforce, Square, Facebook, Shopify, and many other applications that they use to gain insight on their customers, sales, or product inventory. For instance Domo users who are merchants can extract data from their Shopify point-of-sale and e-commerce software, which is used to manage online stores. The extracted information can be used to generate reports and spot trends in real-time, such as in product performance, which can then be shared to any device used by the company.

    Cut to Credits…

    It is now evident that AI brings a colossal amount to the table for a wide range of business stakeholders to add convenience and simplicity to customer experiences, while also saving time and money for business, along with making processes and planning more efficient and future-facing. Debates, nonetheless, should continue to trigger innovative learning solutions around how to offset or reduce some of the ethical concerns that AI brings along with its benefits.

    Feature Image: Kismet, a robot with elementary social skills at MIT museum (wikicommons)

  • The Horse That Kicks

    For Daniel and Others

    ‘Is Heroin still a thing in Dublin?’ The academic, and Professor of the field asked me somewhat perplexed. This is 2019, don’t you know, boy. Heroin is pastiche here in my wood-panelled mind of tenure and privilege. The arrogance and elitism illustrated the issue: there is a disconnect from warm offices, fragrant welcoming baths, internet browsing and the addict out there, anonymous. In pain. In want. Shivering. In desperation. Rattling.

    Heroin has always been a thing in Dublin since members of the Dunne family brought it into the inner-city flats, in the eighties, and now, forty years on, there are many struggling people firmly atop its precarious cliff-face.

    Heroin addicts tend to mate for life. Like dilapidated swans – twisted in a deadly alliance they dance and embrace towards a finality of breath. Like a sculpture in a Giorgio de Chirico painting. It is an ersatz marriage of sorts, sharing needles – inveigling that sharp, finite pain. Into the vein. The arm. The thigh. Leaving rack-marks like horse gallops that tear up the grass on a racecourse. Puckered, indeed, punctured skin. Delving into the life’s blood. The blood’s life which is cherished. Next to Godliness. Spike island. Feel like Jesus’ son was The Velvet Underground’s lyric. Warm blanket to insulate against the world’s harshness. Being judged. Much of it in the head and coveted paranoia.

    This is a process of annihilation. A nuclear war on the self. Total destruction of the physical form. Heroin strips the body and brain of all nutrients. That’s why the addict cannot respond well to reason because there is no reason to grasp onto. The only clench is the death-watch grip of the next score. To score goes beyond food. Love. Understanding. Addiction is a monster. A hairy, unrelenting, unfulfilled beast. The might just of garnering the score. A little cellophane baggie of fine brown dust which brings so much for relief for the addict.

    Hepatis C is big.  Blood-borne virus. Hep C is a worry. For many.

    There is the messy out-of-control user who will leave used needles everywhere. These addicts are very chaotic. They, usually, have had a big negative event which has impacted their life to such an extent that the mantra of ‘Fuck it!’ colours their small outlook. Hence a headstrong dive into heroin.

    The addict through heavy usage draws themselves into a bare corner. The retreat into that inner-world. Not harmonious if you have no Art to draw upon to help alleviate you. Some become that solitary user. They alone are ensconced in a safe place to cook and shoot up. A singing yellow-blub overhead. They ride the snake, to the acid-filled lake. It is easy to romanticise The Doors’ version of Heroin use. There is an outlier aspect to the lone user.

    That fine line between life and death – you crawl down along that line. Sluiced and carried along on that geometrical plane. Like crayfish in need on the wide open, busy streets. Needing that score half-an-hour ago to take the sickness away.

    Sheets of tinfoil. The black scorched shadow of the chased dragon high.

    The skin is cold. Sometimes it takes on a deadened, marbled-hue. Pallid. Eyes are shrunken back into hollow sockets. Fear lies therein. A desperation cranks the features.

    Cook-pot –

    Bent over the cookpot. The wagging flame of the lighter, Sapping the golden-brown, liquid-funk through the swab. The beating eyes upon the arm or leg. The measure up. The careful dart – the hospital-like plunge. Needle bleeding in. The foetal position. The meridian of death. Which belts around the cold.

    I recall one Saturday listening to the silence, in a project, and knowing that one of the residents was up there and there was this deathly silence. I went up to his room. There he was.  Behind the door. Lying there. Upon his back. Eyes wide open. Lifting him like a corpse, lightweight, he came to, and immediately grabbed a brush and began sweeping around his bed. He said ‘Thanks’ and continued in a manic way. His debilitating high was over, for now.

    Every recovering addict, and it does not, necessarily, have to mean ‘Heroin’, learns that the strength to be able to not partake in whatever vice it is, grows and that turns into confidence. Yet, a silent confidence, and welcome abstention.

    Yes, it’s your gear. Your decision. But now you tear a fabric in the shell of your being and you let blood’s life-flow ebb out. The branch is torn.

    I am very sorry for your loss.

    A workman stopped me outside the project one day and told me the year before, he watched a seagull with a needle in its mouth looped up onto the roof and dared it to be remonstrated. A needle. For a nest. The junky’s nest. Stark symbolism against a soft blue sky.

    Neil Burns worked in a Dublin city centre emergency accommodation for just under two years, experiencing the visceral nature of heroin up close and personal.

    Neil Burns Twitter: @Foreverantrim

  • The New Abnormal

    The pandemic has changed life as we know it. We are dealing with the ‘New Abnormal’ where certain aspects of life, such as our café and pub culture are no longer viable. Alas, many places have closed down permanently due to reduced customer footfall and loss of incomes.

    So, what does this mean for our social lives?  As social animals we need a certain level of sociability for our mental wellbeing. This teaches us valuable life lessons for survival in different situations. We socialize to meet new people for friendship or to meet partners. Socialising differs from age group to age group. Cafés and pubs are the most common areas across generations in most countries.

    In Ireland, cafés and coffee shops now operate on a socially distanced basis. Many have developed outdoor seating, which is a fantastic addition on those rare occasions of sunny weather in Ireland.

    For the younger generation in pre-Covid times, socialising on weekends meant pre-drinks in someone’s house and then piling into a taxi or bus to get into town. The bars and clubs would be heaving, and you’d brush by strangers on the way to buy a drink. When it got warm, you’d nip outside to the smoking area to cool down and have a chat with friends even if you didn’t smoke.

    The nights out were great. But waking up the following day at least €40 down and a pounding headache, you would have to wonder, was it really worth it? Could there be a better way to socialize?

    In today’s pandemic circumstances we have an opportunity to find other ways of remaining sociable, yet safe from contagion. Phase Four of the lockdown easing measures involving the reopening of pubs has been put on hold until the 18th of September. So for now we still have to book a table to have a meal if we want a drink for the allotted time, give or take.

    It is easy for some premises that already served food. But it is a bit of a pain knowing that you’re spending more than you want, all for the sake of a socially-distanced drink.

    Temple Bar, Dublin. 27 March 2020. Daniele Idini/Cassandra Voices

    Chance encounters with new people will be unlikely as we’re not meeting in big groups anymore. This goes for house parties, pubs, and venues as a result of the current regulations. Indoor gatherings and events are limited to six people from no more than three households. Private outdoor gatherings are limited to fifteen people. The exception is for weddings which are allowed a maximum of fifty people.

    German Approaches

    It seems as if Germany is in two minds over how to move forward with a social experiment that went ahead in Leipzig on the 22nd of August and an anti-restriction protest being witnessed in Berlin at the start of the month.

    The experiment equipped 4,000 pop music fans with tracking gadgets and bottles of fluorescent disinfectant. This is designed to allow scientists gain a clearer picture of how the spread of Covid-19 can be prevented at large indoor concerts. We’ll find out from this how easy it will be to return to a level of pre-Covid normalcy when the results are known.

    Meanwhile, in Berlin on August 29th a protest against Covid-19 measures went ahead that brought out an undisclosed number of people of varying opinions on the restrictions. Many chose to avoid wearing face masks or social distance, despite the urgings of police over megaphones. A similar protest also went ahead in Dublin and also featured a lack of masks and social distancing.

    Open-air Concerts

    On the 11th of August an open-air concert took place at the Virgin Money Unity Arena in Gosforth Park, Newcastle, at which people were fenced off into private pens at a six feet distance with a maximum of five people for each one. This could be the short-term future of concerts and would certainly allow events to proceed and may even improve on certain aspects of the experience!

    However, in Ireland, we have not been as lucky with the weather as in Britain, which experienced a summer heatwave. Clearly it is more viable to put on outdoor concerts in warmer countries than Ireland. We do, however, have the space for outdoor concerts with the likes of Phoenix Park and other large green areas such as the Punchestown racecourse, where the Oxygen festival was held, close to Dublin city. But without a large marquee for concerts, which maintains open-air ventilation, it’s unlikely that many concerts will be able to proceed outdoors, as we enter the cooler part of the year.

    In Switzerland, clubs reopened in June without physical distancing and at a reduced capacity. The creation of the Swiss Night Pass, a digital ticket, ensures that clubs, bars, and events have a list of attendees with their contact information for tracing. This became mandatory after revellers failed to provide correct information. Six people contracted the virus after a man tested positive after attending the Flamingo Club in Zurich in June, but otherwise, surprisingly, these venues have not been the occasion for super-spreader events.

    Many countries plan to reopen nightclubs from September 1st. South Korea reopened nightclubs back in May, but this led to a spike in Covid-19 cases resulting in indefinite closure of all bars and clubs. New Zealand had been doing well, maintaining zero Covid-19 for a hundred days, but a recent outbreak led to another set of Level Three restrictions in Auckland, which has just recently ended. There appears to be no signs of clubs reopening there for a while yet.

    Better Ways To Socialise?

    So, what will these restrictions entail for sociability? And, can we find a better way to socialise?

    One novel approach that could bring about a change in the way we socialise would be to revive The Muse Conversations proposed by Theodore Zeldin. Zeldin is a renowned Oxford University philosopher, historian, and author. He has been a pioneer in revealing how relationships, and emotions such as love, fear, loneliness, friendship, and ambition have evolved in different civilisations over the centuries.

    The Muse Conversations brings together total strangers in pairs, for a conversation that transcends small talk. Both are given a Menu of Conversation with specific questions that guide and structure their discussion. These questions enable the pair to reflect on the details of their lives, speculate on their personal experiences, and gain a deeper understanding of one another. The idea is that this encounter will change their world for a short period of time.

    Perhaps this idea of a new way of relating to one another could take place in short periods of time in a controlled environment. Indeed libraries have reopened along with the likes of community halls where this would certainly be a viable option. Another alternative could be to have The Muse Conversations in an app, in the style of dating apps. Socialising in person is still the best way to make connections as non-verbal communication such as body language and inflections or tone of voice remain important to forming lasting bonds.

    Marking indicating social distancing in a cafe in Dublin. August 2020

    Getting Around the Regulations

    For the moment it seems that we will have to continue to reserve tables in bars and restaurants. One option is to make a second reservation to extend a social gathering, as ninety minutes is really insufficient to catch up properly with people. If others don’t live close by the chosen destination then it often just isn’t worth it, given the cost of travel and the mandatory nine euro surcharge for food, on top of the money that will be spent on drinks. This will probably lead to more indoor gatherings at houses where the social norm is to provide guests with snacks and some drinks. It’s also a lot cheaper for guests to bring their own beverage and there’s less of a time limit.

    For coffee shops, it’s possible to take away beverages which doesn’t change that aspect at all. The chance to sit and work on a laptop at a café appears to still be part of the new normal, as long as they are following the same rules as restaurants.

    For clubs, it remains to be seen what will happen when they officially reopen. It’s difficult to see how social distancing will work on dance floors, along with ordering drinks. If clubs increase the size of their smoking areas, it may be possible to achieve the required ventilation. And unless there’s the possibility of a club having an app to order drinks that allows distancing from patrons, it would be difficult to remove entirely the chance of contracting Covid.

    The only way we can socialise with a degree of normalcy is to have more open-air events. This may have to come with a limit on numbers or even a ban on alcohol consumption. But this could work if bookings for private seating arrangements were possible as with the outdoor concert in Newcastle. Ireland should certainly look at what has been happening in the UK, and elsewhere, for inspiration of what can work for future events.

    The pandemic will certainly bring huge changes to social life around the globe that will hopefully not last as long as people expect. All we can do is wait and see what happens. For now, we have to accept the new abnormal.

  • Michael McNamara: “It’s About Society”

    In an impassioned speech at the ghostly Convention Centre currently housing Dáil Éireann, Michael McNamara TD denounced as ‘draconian’ the Criminal Justice (Enforcement Powers) (Covid-19) Bill 2020. This will permit Gardaí to inspect premises and close them down temporarily where a breach in compliance has been observed.

    The Clare representative chairs the Dáil’s Special Committee on Covid-19 Response, where he has grilled, among others, the Minister for Health, Stephen Donnelly, and the acting Chief Medical Office Ronan Glynn; he also brought in expert advice including Professor Carl Heneghan, Director of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine at Oxford University, on the contentious issue of masks.

    Looking beyond the Bill itself, McNamara pointed to the wider ramifications of suppression policies on Irish society – in particular to their effect on communities in rural Ireland:

    He began:

    The purpose of this is to introduce what everybody more or less accepts is draconian legislation. I notice that the Minister says that it would be impracticable to have to bring in new legislation as this is a global pandemic, but her own party leader, the Tanaiste, has pointed out that Ireland is essentially out of kilter with every other European state.

    My question would be: how is the pandemic different in Ireland to every other country? It’s only different insofar as we have been more draconian in our restrictions and frankly those restrictions have failed, because at the end of it all our detection figures are the same as they are in Sweden. Now I am not saying that Sweden was the perfect model, but I am pointing out that there were no closures of bars in Sweden, there was no lockdown in Sweden; there are no closures of bars in fact in any other country in Europe; but we have had these really draconian measures and they have manifestly failed, or else the figures being provided by NPHET on a daily basis are incorrect and I don’t for a moment believe that the figures being provided by NPHET on a daily basis are incorrect. I believe that they are correct and I believe that our figures are higher than in other countries because the strategy we have pursued is failing, has failed and is failing, and I don’t say that with any joy. It’s quite sad given the sacrifices people have made in good faith. They cancelled foreign holidays. They were told that foreign holidays are the great evil, must be avoided, yet countries where they didn’t do that are not having the same infection figures are we are.

    So we have these really draconian restrictions which have served no apparent purpose, because our transmission figures are higher than in other European countries. Of course we have failed to deal with the real clusters in Direct Provision Centres – I understand there was a discussion of that in NPHET but it was advised by senior figures in NPHET that you can’t raise that because it would be politically sensitive – so we won’t look at the Direct Provision Centres. We won’t look at the meat plants because they keep the show rolling here. God knows what they finance, but they clearly finance something, otherwise they wouldn’t have been left do their own thing when bars were being hammered.

    So we are all agreed. Even the bars seemed to have bought into this policy of the beatings will continue until morale improves, which is effectively what this piece of legislation is about. We’ll introduce more and more draconian legislation. Make it harder and harder and harder.

    The Gards. The AGSI have expressed reservations about it. Ordinary rank and file Gardai across the state don’t want it. They have said it is going to bring An Garda Siochana into disrepute. They have a job to do and it is not to focus exclusively on bars as the government want them to do, because we have to scapegoat somebody for the failure of government policy. So we’re going to bring it in, but we are going to have provision where it’ll be rolled over.

    Does anybody in this house really believe that it won’t be rolled over after November? Do they? Minister do you believe in reply to this that this won’t be rolled over, that you won’t be putting down an amendment in a few weeks time to roll it over? Because I know it is going to be rolled over, because that is the nature of giving over powers to organisations. It’s the nature of bringing in draconian legislation with sunset clauses that aren’t really sunset clauses. They stay on the books forever.

    We had a long debate it wasn’t in this house, it was in a different house, I did say I think before this house rose that it sets a terrible example that we are all sitting here 1-2-3, oh about twenty of us, at what cost? And we are asking teachers to go back into schools – and thankfully they are going back, and it’s a huge credit to this government – and in particular to teachers, boards of management and parents across the country that we have got our schools open again, but this is not an example to set to anybody. So that’s why I don’t think we should say we are going to roll over this legislation because it is unnecessary. The only possible basis for it is: if we can only swallow this one more piece of medicine we’ll open the bars.

    This isn’t about bars – or to me this isn’t just about bars – it’s about society; it’s about rural Ireland, which is dying on its feet. You know young people can’t meet anywhere. They can’t meet in bars, they can’t meet in nightclubs, they can’t meet in weddings. They can’t even go to matches. So where will they meet? Well of course they will meet where we don’t think they should meet because they are social animals.

    We are all social animals. We need to meet. We need a sense of community. And as a colleague who I recently spoke to – who is from Kerry as it happens – he said you know – he lives in Dublin – “God I really hadn’t realised, I went down to Kerry for the first time because of Covid etc, I went down to Kerry for the first time in months and month and I just couldn’t believe the sense of isolation, desolation and desperation that is there.”

    Because we are destroying communities: we are destroying a sense of community; we are destroying a sense of society, and with that we are doing untold damage to people’s health; to people’s mental health; to people’s sense of wellbeing; to people’s sense of optimism. And it has to end. It has to come to an end at some point. And the logical point for it to come to an end is when the powers given to the Minister for Health in the Emergency legislation which I voted for, don’t regret voting for – I think it has been slightly abused mind you – I expected it might be slightly abused, I wasn’t, unfortunately, disappointed in that regard. But I know that the Minister for Health is going to put down a motion carrying on these powers because that is what government departments do: they never relinquish power, and I know the Minister for Justice is going to seek to roll over this legislation and I don’t believe that we can continue to roll over draconian legislation which is having.

    I am not a Covid denier, it is a very serious virus, it has killed people in this country, it will kill more people in this country, everybody needs to be careful, they need to be cautious but at some point we as legislators in this House will have to trust people and say to them: be responsible, for God’s sake look after yourself; look after your family members; look after those with whom you come in contact with, but we can’t continue to do that through coercive criminal legislation. Not without destroying society. Not without destroying individuals. It cannot continue indefinitely.

    So on that basis, I urge the Minister to put a proper sunset clause in place. A date after which these powers will not continue, especially given that any closure order made cannot be challenged. And Minister you said … you fudged it about how you challenge if a pub is closed for a day. And I said earlier this is a lot more than about pubs, but it is also about pubs.

    How do you challenge? You challenge it by way of judicial review. Are you seriously telling me that the 6,000 or so publicans that are shut down, that are on their knees, that are now having their payment reduced, some of them, that they are going to take a judicial review, that they are going to hire a solicitor and a junior council and a senior council and go to the High Court and pay the tens of thousands of euros necessary to challenge their closure for a day?

    Of course they are not. But then that closure for a day is going to be used against them when they go to seek to renew their licence. So these are draconian powers. These powers are having an effect on people, and they have to come to an end at some point.

  • WARNING: The (Open) Secret lives of Content Moderators

    Tick Yes or No: ‘I understand the content I will be reviewing may be disturbing. It is possible that reviewing such content may impact my mental health, and it could even lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).’[i]

    Last year, a sixteen-year-old Malay girl posted a poll on Instagram asking her followers whether she should live or die.[ii] 69% voted for death and she took her own life. The followers who voted that she should die neither took action to protect their ‘friend’ nor shared empathy or concern.

    People are awful.[iii] This is what my job has taught me”, says a former Facebook content-moderator who recently sued the social media giant after experiencing psychological trauma as a direct consequence of his work. The Wall Street Journal recently described content moderator as ‘the worst job in the US[iv] , and the same applies to other countries, which this article elaborates on.

    Very little is known about the role, mental health toll or other work experiences of content moderators. They may work for YouTube, Facebook, Google and other such platforms that we are all pretty much ‘addicted’ to.

    A few studies are now looking into the working conditions for people[v] who determine what ‘material’ or ‘content’ can be posted to Facebook or Twitter or YouTube. Their job is to decide on whether content adheres to the ‘community guidelines’ of online platforms. They work day and night so that we the users are saved from exposure to videos of graphic violence or child abuse as well as hate speech, among the constant stream of user generated material uploaded on to social media feeds.

    There are thousands of content moderators, who are paid to view objectionable posts and decide which need to be removed from digital platforms. Many are severely traumatized by the images of hate, abuse and violence they see on a daily basis so that we, our families and children get to see ‘WARNING: The following post or content may be disturbing to some viewers.’

    The heavy mental health toll on content moderators who are hired on a ‘freelance’ or ‘gig’ basis cannot be underestimated.

    Never-ending Uploads and Ever-Expanding Platforms

    A staggering three hundred hours of video content is uploaded on to YouTube every minute, while over ninety-five million photos[vi] are uploaded to Instagram each day, along with over five hundred million tweets sent out on Twitter (or 6,000 tweets per second). Therefore, it is virtually impossible for human moderators to vet every piece before a content is uploaded and goes live (with some potentially going ‘viral’). Popular platforms such as these serve user-generated content uploaded by a global community of contributors.

    The uploaded content is just as diverse as the user base, meaning inevitably that a significant amount is offensive to most users and, by extension, the platforms. Users routinely upload (or attempt to upload) content such as: child abuse, animal torture, and disturbing, hate-filled messages.

    Facebook outsources the hiring of content moderators and provides office space. Its sites are largely outside the United States – mainly in south, south-east and east Asia, but the operations have expanded to the US, more specifically in California, Arizona, Texas and Florida.[vii] Content moderators work at a computer workstation where they review content –  a steady stream of text posts, images and videos. These can range from random personal musings to information with ramifications for international politics. Some of it may seem rather benign – just words on a screen that someone didn’t like. While the worst may be incredibly disturbing. On a regular basis moderators have to witness beheadings, murders, animal abuse, and child exploitation. Therefore, one might wonder, what toll on mental health does this take?

    One previously unreported aspect of a moderator’w job is the numerical quotas that these subcontractors[viii] are forced to meet: each moderator is required to screen thousands of images or videos per day in order to maintain their employment.

    Facebook alone has an army of about 15,000 people in 20 locations[ix] around the world, who decide what content should be allowed to stay on Facebook, and what should be marked as ‘disturbing’, whether execution videos from terrorist groups, murders, beatings, child exploitation or the torture of animals. In addition to the stress of exposure to disturbing images and videos, there is also the pressure to make the right call about what how to mark the content. A wrong decision taken under stress will have penalties, financially for the worker, and also may have mental health effects on other human lives.

    Platforms, as we know them, reserve the right to police user-generated content through a clause in their Terms of Service (which none of us read, or do we? Should we?), usually by incorporating their Community Guidelines as a reference. For example, YouTube’s Community Guidelines prohibit  ‘nudity or sexual content’, ‘harmful or dangerous content’, ‘hateful content’, ‘violent or graphic content’, ‘harassment and cyberbullying’, ‘spam, misleading metadata’, ‘scams’, ‘threats’ videos that would violate someone else’s copyright, ‘impersonation’ and ‘child endangerment.’

    ‘Now you see me’

    The Cleaners, a recent documentary, features interviews with several former moderators who were previously outsourced by a subcontractor in the Philippines. The interviewees exposed their experiences of filtering the very worst images and video the internet has to offer. In the Philippines, workers operate out of jam-packed malls, where they spend over nine hours a day moderating content for as little as $480 a month.[x] With few workday breaks and no access to counselling, many of these individuals end up suffering from insomnia, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.

    Records also show the average pay of a full-time online content moderator in the US is around $28,000, but globally and by a large measure a significant amount of hiring is done through outsourcing and on a temporary basis. In Ireland, research shows that typically a Facebook employee would be paid a basic rate of €12.98 per hour,[xi] with a 25% bonus after 8pm, plus a travel allowance of €12 per night – the equivalent of about €25,000 to €32,000 per year. Yet the average Facebook employee in Ireland earned €154,000 in 2017.

    On average, the workload involves moderating about 300 to 400 pieces of content[xii]  – called ‘tickets’ – on an average night. On a busy night, their queue might have 800 to 1,000 tickets. The average handling time is 20 to 30 seconds – longer if it’s a particularly difficult decision.

    ‘We are trash to them, just a body in a seat’ shares a content moderator. Every work minute is strictly bound.[xiii]  Harsh working conditions characterised by specified bathroom breaks and a meagre nine minutes of wellness time engenders a stress that is exacerbated by employers’ downplaying the importance of mental health care.

    The continuum of content in those quotas range from tone-deaf jokes; kids dressed up as history’s great dictators that may constitute hate speech; nude images; domestic violence images, and then the really graphic and inhumane ones that inevitably surface. The content moderators have about twenty-four hours[xiv] within which they have to classify the posts under bullying, hate speech, and other content as appropriate.

    Like other forms of gig workers, digital reputation or future work orders come from high ratings. Several former moderators felt pressurised to achieve a 98% quality rating. This would mean that the auditor would agree with 98% of their decisions taken on a random sample of tickets. Moderators are therefore scrutinised for the smallest mistakes. An unending stream of extremism, violence, child sexual abuse imagery and revenge porn, does not give moderators time to consider the more subtle implications of particular posts.

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) cannot nail this one… just yet!

    Moderators are human beings, so mistakes are inevitable. However, to shatter one misconception on this front: Artificial Intelligence (AI) cannot help much in this field. They currently act as triage systems; for example, by pushing suspect content to human moderators and weeding out some unwanted material on their own. But AI cannot solve the online content moderation problem without human help. For example, AI uses either a visual recognition to identify a broad category of objectionable content or match content to an index of banned items (for example, illicit materials, child abuse, terrorist content, etc.) – and then it allocates a ‘hash’ or an ID so that if these are detected again, the uploading process will be disabled. But then guess who will need to set the parameters before the automation can work!?

    Automated systems using AI and machine learning still have a long way to go before they can carry out content moderation independently (free of human help that is). We are surely not there yet.

    Content moderation is arguably one of the most important tasks that BPOs perform today, fulfilling outsourced contracts for social media giants ranging from Facebook and TikTok to Live, among many others. This has led to a process-driven BPO[xv] industry that has become the refuge for quick-fix content moderation based on subjective criteria. Add to that how many of the mods are often young people (their average age is less than thirty), who sometimes join even before finishing college degrees, and the problems begin to add up.

    The Need for (Content Upload) Speed and…Training!

    One might have assumed that US companies who hire moderators would have a good understanding of these issues, but it turns out that they really don’t. It has been reported for instance that Facebook doesn’t provide ongoing cultural education for these moderators to bring them up to speed. The one exception is when a particular issue goes viral on Facebook, and there’s a sudden need to bring everybody up to speed in real time. With this laissez faire approach it is unsurprising how many Court, Senate and Congressional hearings Mark Zuckerberg has had to attend over the past four years (and not just for the Cambridge Analytica scandal).

    One former moderator shared how he witnessed images of child sexual abuse[xvi] and bestiality with me while weeding out content that was unsuitable for the platform. He suffered from psychological trauma as a result of these working conditions and a lack of proper training.

    Accenture is one of the companies that hires contract workers to review content for big networks like Google, Facebook, and Twitter. There is a well-documented history of content moderators reviewing[xvii] including graphic and disturbing imagery – with jobs taking significant mental health tolls, and leading to psychological trauma.

    In order to share more of what goes on during content moderation, the freelancers have to break the nondisclosure agreements first, and this is an area where there is journalistic investigations and research work pending. One of the burning questions is whether the company has anything to say about the psychological and emotional impact of watching the brutality, pornography, and hate that the moderators have to look at on a daily basis?

    Some Debt Cannot be Repaid

    Facebook has already paid out a $52 million settlement to content moderators suffering from mental health problems such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).[xviii] In light of repeated allegations and the seriousness of the situation, the company has agreed to compensate American content moderators and provide extra counselling during their tenure. The social media giant will pay a minimum of $1,000 to each moderator.[xix]  The settlement covers 11,250 moderators which is a glimpse at the colossal number (in hundreds of thousands) of moderators involved in this work globally.

    “I know it’s not normal, but now everything is normalized[xx],” said a moderator who declined to share his name and other details because of the confidentiality clause he signed when he took the job. Non-disclosure agreements are non-negotiable for moderators, and are forcibly imposed by the platforms. For example, YouTube content moderators are reportedly being told they could be fired if they don’t sign ‘voluntary’ statements acknowledging their jobs could give them PTSD (i.e. post-traumatic stress disorder).

    Reports also shows that Accenture managers repeatedly coerced site counsellors to break patient confidentiality.[xxi] Although these allegations were refuted by Accenture, such fault lines between workers and management are bound to affect organisational morale.

    Further studies are elusive on whether companies such as Accenture are shifting the responsibility of mental health care onto individual employees, and thus avoiding liability in the face of increasing lawsuits from dormer moderators. In response to growing allegations, certain social media giants have reinstated their commitment towards safeguarding their employees’ mental health and have clinical psychologists on call.

    The Valley of Uploads

    While some of the specifics remain intentionally obfuscated, content moderation is done by tens of thousands of online content moderators, mostly employed by subcontractors in India and the Philippines, who are paid wages well below what the average Silicon Valley tech employee earns. We need more studies and investigations on this as time progresses, as our hunger for newer ‘tailor-made’ media feeds continues to grow.

    The general assumption is that the large tech companies can easily hide the worst parts of humanity, otherwise freely available on the internet. There is no easy solution. With billions of users and unending uploads, there will never be enough moderators to check everything before it is shared with the world.[xxii]

    Legal challenges and new methods of reporting abuse help to narrow the risks, but the task is nonetheless Sisyphean. The complexities are ongoing, ever-growing and multi-faceted. The trade-off between a ‘quick fix’ of myriad issues would still create a dispersed range of unintended externalities to the stakeholders involve. This list includes the users, content moderators, companies, lawmakers and legal systems monitoring these behemoth digital platforms.

    [i] Madhumita Murgia, ‘Facebook content moderators required to sign PTSD forms’, Financial Times, January 26th, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/98aad2f0-3ec9-11ea-a01a-bae547046735

    [ii] Jamie Fullerton, ‘Teenage girl kills herself ‘after Instagram poll’ in Malaysia’, May 15th, 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/15/teenage-girl-kills-herself-after-instagram-poll-in-malaysia

    [iii] Marie Boren, ‘Life as a Facebook moderator: ‘People are awful. This is what my job has taught me’’ Irish Times, February 27th, 2020, https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/life-as-a-facebook-moderator-people-are-awful-this-is-what-my-job-has-taught-me-1.4184711.

    [iv] Jennifer O’Connell, ‘Facebook’s dirty work in Ireland: ‘I had to watch footage of a person being beaten to death’’, Irish Times, March 30th, 2019, https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/facebook-s-dirty-work-in-ireland-i-had-to-watch-footage-of-a-person-being-beaten-to-death-1.3841743

    [v] ‘Managing and Leveraging Workplace Use of Social Media’, SHRM, January 19th, 2019,  https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/toolkits/pages/managingsocialmedia.aspx

    [vi] Daisy Soderberg-Rivkin, ‘Five myths about online content moderation, from a former content moderator’. October 30th, 2019, https://www.rstreet.org/2019/10/30/five-myths-about-online-content-moderation-from-a-former-content-moderator/

    [vii] ‘Inside Facebook, the second-class workers who do the hardest job are waging a quiet battle’, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/08/inside-facebook-second-class-workers-who-do-hardest-job-are-waging-quiet-battle/

    [viii] Terry Gross,  ‘For Facebook Content Moderators, Traumatizing Material Is A Job Hazard’, NPR, July 1st, 2019,

    [ix] Ibid, O’Connell, March 20th, 2019.

    [x] Ibid, Soderberg-Rivkin, October 30th, 2019.

    [xi] Ibid, O’Connell, March 20th, 2019.

    [xii] Ibid O’Connell, March 20th, 2019.

    [xiii] Prithvi Iyer, Suyash Barve, ‘Humanising digital labour: The toll of content moderation on mental health,’ Digital Frontiers, April 2nd, 2020, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/humanising-digital-labour-the-toll-of-content-moderation-on-mental-health-64005/

    [xiv] Ibid O’Connell, March 20th, 2019.

    [xv] Prasid Banerjee, ‘Inside the secretive world of India’s social media content moderators’, LiveMint, March 18th, 2020, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/inside-the-world-of-india-s-content-mods-11584543074609.html

    [xvi] Kelly Earley, ‘Irish content moderators prepare lawsuit against Facebook and CPL’ December 4th, 2019, https://www.siliconrepublic.com/companies/irish-content-moderators-facebook-cpl-recruitment

    [xvii] Paige Leskin, ‘Some YouTube content moderators are reportedly being told they could be fired if they don’t sign ‘voluntary’ statements acknowledging their jobs could give them PTSD’, January 24th, 2020, https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/some-youtube-content-moderators-are-reportedly-being-told-they-could-be-fired-if-they-dont-sign-voluntary-statements-acknowledging-their-jobs-could-give-them-ptsd/articleshow/73594478.cms

    [xviii] Untitled, ‘Facebook to pay $52m to content moderators over PTSD’, BBC, May 13th, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52642633

    [xix] Ibid

    [xx] Elizabeth Dowskin et al, ‘Content moderators at YouTube, Facebook and Twitter see the worst of the web — and suffer silently’, July 25th, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/25/social-media-companies-are-outsourcing-their-dirty-work-philippines-generation-workers-is-paying-price/

    [xxi] Sam Biddle, ‘Trauma Counselors Were Pressured to Divulge Confidential Information About Facebook Moderators, Internal Letter Claims’, The Intercept, August 16th, 2019, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/16/facebook-moderators-mental-health-accenture/

    [xxii] Ibid, Soderberg-Rivkin, October 30th, 2019. https://www.rstreet.org/2019/10/30/five-myths-about-online-content-moderation-from-a-former-content-moderator/

  • BREAK AN EXIT VI: Hmong Jamón — or the end of the Catalonely

    Liberation

    For the first time since landing I’m allowed to travel the country. My plans to go to Japan and practice Aikido with the masters are on a massive stand by. Hanoi’s fishermen are back on the landscape, monstrous exhaust clouds blurring the skies again.

    My backbone feels their soggy reels, its toxic dust, and flows the fuck out.

    Northwest it is, upstream the Red River—where the only breeze lives.

    I jump on a bus and stay put reading Rachel Carson’s The Marginal World, the otherworldly essay that opens The Edge of the Sea, her ageless and arresting exploration of shores, and I keep dozing and breathing and zeroing myself up between the ditch and underwater eternity for six and a half hours, her words lapping my eyelids ever so softly, I can only dream I will remember them, though I know I won’t:

    The shore is an ancient world, for as long as there has been an earth and sea there has been this place of the meeting of land and water. Yet it is a world that keeps alive the sense of continuing creation and of the relentless drive of life. Each time that I enter it, I gain some new awareness of its beauty and its deeper meanings, sensing that intricate fabric of life by which one creature is linked with another, and each with its surroundings.

    We cross the uncanny waters of the Red River, my blood rushing leisurely like its stream, its shore tumbling in plastic, motorbikes and lorry drivers spitting and braking and accelerating over its waters, fading waves forgiving the green bushes of its deadly shore. Life’s continuity seems aborted here, though millions of living cells are thriving just a few metres beyond the shore, over the eight-lane highway its magnificent current running as thick and slow as pollution.

    The river gives way to a bumpy highway that would inflict some pain on Boris Johnson, running through stunning high-plateaus and flat paddy fields and dusty brown and red and green rolling knolls, until we reach Lao Cai, the capital of the namesake northern province, five hours later.

    It looks just like Chaco, northeast Argentina, the Red River behaving a bit more wildly here than the Parana there, its waters even more turbid and moody, its shores receding, soon the stream will devour thousands of acres, houses and lives.

    The sun is merciless and the umbrellas in bloom; the soil seems to be smoking itself, a sulphuric red and yellow smoulder coming out of the boiling asphalt; corrugated iron roofs collapsing; big empty squares with irrational monuments and massive red flags and thirsty grass and half dressed children; streets broken, stray cats emerging from its cracks with water snakes in their mouths; sellers covered under straw hats and traditional dresses combining red fur and green wool and black velvet.

    Smoked Centuries

    It is my first encounter with the Hmong, I recognise the patterns and the colours of their traditional clothes; their Caucasian peaceful faces; the unmistakable smoked smiles after centuries escaping the burning thread of genocide. No coastal shore but highland wisdom.

    The bus stops and unloads dozens of dented cardboard boxes full of Hanoi goodies and resumes on its way. It is now that we ascend the ramps towards the unreal.

    A land of thick green mountains and brown valleys and disco paddy fields rotating like clay ceramics, forming terraced cliffs of soft angles and endless layers of water.

    It is the ultimate puddle photography kingdom and the most stunning landscape I can recall, and I embrace it alongside my left hand neighbour’s soundtrack. He keeps watching YouTube videos of the best goals from World Cups of the 90’s oblivious to the existence of headphones, like most passengers.

    We are travelling in time and he likely belongs to another century, though right now he appears to be the familiar Guardian sport reader trapped in the pandemic induced memory lane, a stream of old news that is almost sadder to read than watching footballers playing in empty stadiums. Most newspapers have turned the pandemic into a single obituary section, allegedly the most profitable feed in the history of journalism. They sell you your fears in order to make you feel safe… until you feel sick.

    We reach Sapa after an hour, the bus advancing like a worm cutting its way through an apple in circles. It is a small town floating in the clouds at 1500 metres altitude. The French army build a sanatorium for the inevitable casualties of war dementia, and over the years other French colonizers, fancier ones, would develop the town as a spa destination, a suspended, forever misty little kingdom, its air as purifying for fighting tuberculosis as it is deadly for Macbooks today.

    The town is full of empty open craft shops, bakeries, Italian restaurants, with swarms of locals taking selfies in its lake and landmarks; as for hotels and pensions I find a post office that it is actually a hotel and a couple of postcolonial real hotels that are actually nothing.

    Fairground Attraction

    The pension I had booked seems abandoned, its dusty hall sealed with a rusty lock, its insides like a historical chair museum: a number of seats of a number of colours stacked up in drunken heaps reaching the ceiling. I check my phone and see the confirmation I received from booking.com a couple of days ago stating that my reservation of the last room available had been successful, that it would be ready at the time of my arrival.

    I seem to unmask another algorithmic fuck up, and I have no time for it.

    It is dusk now and my phone is dead and my vision blurred, my one-arm glasses resting on its coffin in the depths of my dog-on-a-rope backpack. After trying a few more ghost homestays I come across a motorbike rental shop and I get myself a scooter with half a break and a cracked frame. The smiley owner suggests trying a lodge up the road. It is also switched off unlike the town Xmas lights and Chinese lanterns and the Karaoke bars and its blasting speakers trimming its unnerving neon landscape.

    I see a shadow lurking in the background of the hall, and I knock. A barefoot guy in pink underwear and green tank top agrees to open the premises for my sake and offers fish, meat, eggs and opium, in that order.

    I tell him I’m a vegan fish. He says opium is vegan. I tell him I’m a rehab cop. He doesn’t seem to understand what rehab is, but the cop word shuts him up like cocaine running through a platinum nasal septum. Smoothly that is.

    I drop my bags, charge my phone, read about the Hmongs a bit more and get out again at 8:30 pm looking for my first meal in two days. Most places are closed or empty and it seems clear that I’m the only Westerner around, a seemingly disturbing fact for half the people I encounter. I count five kids covering their faces with their elbows as I pass by. The parents smile at their offspring’s gesture.

    It is a shameful smile, another classic in the history of embarrassment, which is also the history of ignorance and neurosis, which is the history of mankind: ignorant adults and their blank smiles building the future of idiocy and racism by repeating and not questioning, the swirling ashes of habit and inheritance crushing the evolving layers before spreading, once again, the illiterate seed of nationalism.

    I keep my mask on and try many more places, all of them denying me entrance until I end up scoring some boiled vegetables in a little plastic bar with an inviting owner. He is a well travelled man and tells me that the town has been very quiet since the virus, almost three months of no business. The Government promised to give some help, though he is still waiting to get his share.

     

    Ambulance less

    It feels like landing in a dystopian fairground, a place that has been frozen while celebrating Xmas a couple of centuries ago, the blasting speakers still on, lonely, drunken voices echoing over the lake waters and the empty flashing junctions like the spooky promise of a car crash in ambulance-less land.

    Sleep never comes and I stand up at 6am sharp: the Karaoke echoes have been replaced by the drilling orchestra and its seven masked performers. I can see them from my window. I pull down the blinders and realise how developed the place is. I read that homestays, hikes and fancy hotels have been booming for the last twenty years in Sapa, Chinese and Western tourists pouring dollars, euros and yens like rodeo cowboys in the last saloon on earth.

    I search the map for escape routes. The mountain range is colossal and its valley spreads through many little villages from where it is possible to take a number of hikes. I book a homestay on top of a side road, set up Google Maps and drive towards it. It is an eight-kilometre distance that takes me an hour, quietly descending the broken road I ascended on the bus. I keep stopping to take pictures, amazed by the canyon, its dramatic waterfalls and terraced cliffs. Eventually I reach a panoramic point that overlooks the valley, its edges rounded by paddy fields and its bottom crossed by one shy river. The hills are massive and one of them imposes itself over the rest like an overweight Buddha. It is called Fansipan. It is fancy, and also the highest in the country. 

    Catalonely

    I find a puddle esplanade and I’m taking pictures of its reflections when three ladies dressed up in Hmong traditional clothes wave at me, big smile on their faces. I say hello and one of them asks the most boring question, though she does it without any hint of mistrust.

    I tell her I’ve been here since the first flood.

    She considers my spine —almost disguised by my skirt.

    “Where do you come from”?

    “I was born in a Mediterranean puddle”

    She smiles now.

    I tell her I’m CatalIrish assuming she won’t understand.

    “That is some strange combination”, she replies in perfect English.

    “I’m from Barcechina, but haven’t lived there for a while. Been in Indonesia and Hanoi for the last few months. What about you, your accent sounds English”.

    “Oh thanks, that is nice. I have never lived abroad but I try my best to learn. I was tourist guide, so I’ve been practicing the language for a while”.

    “Since you were born by the sound of it”

    The three of them smile and the pale sunshine breaks away biblically, a sudden mist silhouetting us against the moisturised evergreen valley.

    “It is good to see your face. We haven’t seen faces like yours in three months”.

    “Seriously? I might have a unusual face”.

    Triple cracking laughter.  Plus my smile.

    After last night’s looks this is music to my ears.

    We exchange names. The three of them are wearing long and lustrous red leather boots oblivious to the mud.

    “Are you working in the paddy fields?”

    “Since Corona, yes”, replies Bha, the spokeswoman.

    I wonder how hard that might be.

    “It is not hard. It is family work. I did also help while I was a tour guide”.

    She is of strong complexion and large smile.

    “What do you do?” she asks.

    “I use to work before Corona, I’m mostly a puddle photographer now, and I write now and then”.

    “What about”?

    “Perhaps about you”?

    “Why me?”

    “Because it is happening. I only write about what happens.”

    She smiles again.

    “What do you mean by puddle photographer”?

    “Shall I demonstrate”?

    “Yes.”

    I kneel over a puddle and start shooting them, their reflections mildly distorted by the wind, the boots shinning like the dream of a crushed empire, likely next door’s one.

    We exchange WhatsApp numbers erratically, the blinding light delaying my performance. Eventually Bha extends me her device and I see my name and the picture I uploaded to my Tinder profile last week. I wonder how the fuck that picture has ended up in a Google search of my fake name. Only then I realise that this is not an algorithmic fuck up, but a rather fucking smooth Google Facebook operation.

    I resolve to erase all my profiles once I find the homestay, but then I’d lose her smile and the possibility of a coffee and her story.

    I jump on the scooter and resume navigation. I’m über conscious of satellites orbiting around my coordinates, my embarrassing profile shot spinning around the Earth, the Orion shores and Barcechina’s morbid tides, exposed and shared like any other bit of privacy we dreamt of achieving only a few weeks ago. I can’t get over it.

    At this stage it seems clear that the invisible massacre is going to keep fast forwarding the ultimate step of our alleged evolution: from Homo Sapiens to Homeless in the Clouds. I can relate to that, no problem, been surfing evictions in growingly draconian manners since I was eighteen.

    I was aware of the non-existent nature of my data privacy way before landing, but this is my unmasked encounter with the eerie work of State reaped algorithms. I keep producing ridiculous amounts of free labour for those who are virtually enslaving me before selling my data to ancient regimes for fucking millions.

    I long for my infinity pool, those dataless days, where tracking your movements would, at least, have required some fucking effort. On those indulgent, forever-high days, just a bit of crawling would get you to places.

    Lilly May

    She is six-years-old. Her name is not Lilly, though it means Lilly in Hmong. Her fingernails are darker than her features, same as her t-shirt, forearms or knees. She wears ragged clothes much older than her and the carbonised particles living on her head allow her to perform all kinds of granitic hairdos. Lilly can speak English, Hmong, French and Vietnamese, and every time I speak to her in Catalan she seems to grasp it effortlessly. Somebody told me once that Chomsky learned Catalan while on a train journey from the south of France to Barcelona. It is some short distance, though as it turns out Chomsky invested less than ten minutes to the task… while on a tunnel.

    Lilly is playing a banjo that is almost longer than her. She has it resting on her lap. The banjo belongs to an intrepid young poet who rhymes in Shakespeare’s language over mandolin, bodhran, banjo, guitar, or whatever instrument that falls into his hands. He is a self-taught wild player and a writer on the rise who could be the unlikely offspring of Laurie Lee, Hazel Court and Shane McGowan.

    He calls himself Lock.

    Lock is suggesting Lilly stop banging the instrument against the floor while grasping its large neck. Lilly apologises and balances it again on her lap. The sunlight outlines her funky dreadlocks, just a few of them, growing disparagingly, holding some grudge against the imposing nature of the sudden beams on them.

    The chords vibrate slightly and produce a dream-like minimalist sound that would give John Cage some pleasure.

    Leave Space

    Maggie Nelson recalls in her essay The art of cruelty the life struggle of a musician trying to free himself of his surname, which is also a metaphor of his stance as an artist:  ‘The most, the best, we can do, we / believe (wanting to give evidence of / love), is to get out of the way, leave / space around whomever or whatever it is.’

    Lock is giving Lilly some space though he will try to protect his instrument while sharing it with her. Perhaps that is why he now decides to add an old dusted fiddle to the performance. Lilly swaps instruments and remains transfixed by the fiddle as if talking to its soul, without any sign or intention of playing it.

    Lock says that a few weeks ago he witnessed Lilly beating the shit out of a bunch of expats after they explained to her how to play a certain game of cards.

    Lilly seems oblivious to her genius and reluctant to please her audience, which is only me. I ask her to play something. She considers me with tedium and concludes the inevitable: I don’t deserve it. She tells me to come back tomorrow and resumes her telepathic fiddle communication.

    We are inside Lock’s bar and residence, a room resembling a Western saloon that oversees the opposite side of the colossal Fansipan mountain range, its backyard facing a sculptured paddy field descending the valley, then raising, until ticking the oblivious toes of the fancy range.

    Lock built the whole place with his business partner just a few weeks before lockdown. He has a fully stacked wooden bar and a library running along its back wall. George Orwell, Laurie Lee, the unbearable Patrick Leigh Fermor and a few more writers I had never heard of living on its shelves. I’m the only customer, a one-man audience, reader and drinker, though Lock and I could make a habit of getting nicely locked over the coming weeks? Months? Years?

    “The bench you are sitting on. Do you know what that is”? Lock asks me.

    It sounds like a question Magritte could have asked Gertrude Stein. I wonder if the bench is a bench is a bench is a bench.

    Lock tells me it’s a coffin.

    I smile.

    I’m seemingly alive.

     

    Before Lilly May

    On my fifth day on the high-plateau I seem to have come up with a little routine. I spend the days reading and writing, eating peanuts and watermelons and pineapples, drinking coffee and then tea, which is the outstanding way of drinking coffee in Vietnam: for every coffee you order you get a little glass of green tea. It is a remarkable way of avoiding the inevitable depression after the intake.

    And then, around 5pm I get my camera, jump on my bike, wander around and stop in whatever appealing places I can find; then dismounting, start taking pictures and try to talk to whoever comes my way: who are mostly members of the Hmong.

    The Hmong (a word that translates as human beings or free people) are one of the five ethnicities living around the stunning Sapa Valley. They are spread over the mountains of Laos, Thailand, Burma and Vietnam, fleeing extermination at the hands of the Qing dynasty toward the end of the 18TH century, though they had been under attack for over five thousand years. The Chinese failed to consummate the genocide of the free loving tribe, though they would claim to have succeeded by displaying the beheaded skulls of some of their leaders on spears. Until then, the Hmongs had been settling around the Yellow River, always on the move, adjusting their nomadic lifestyle to the fertility of the changing soil. Their ancestors travelled a long way, in all likelihood from the Siberian and Caucasian highlands. Their nomadic kingdom stands now as a free fortress built over paddy fields and dizzying heights where water buffalos, chickens, snakes and pigs pace around like utopian cattle.

    Today on my fifth day I set off to a Hmong village after 5pm. It is a ten minute ride across the green dam that I can see resting on the bottom of Fansipan from my bungalow. The ride is quiet and the sun is lowering fast. I encounter a family labouring on the paddy field before the dusty road that leads to the colossal dam bridge. I dismount and try to engage in conversation with a Hmong lady walking the ditch. She could be a passer by or the matriarch. She might well be the same age as Mumruinho, though she looks like she could be her grandmother; that is, my great grandmother. 

    Every Old Man I see 

    It is one of the good things of being a Folded Arms orphan: every old person you see could be you grandfather, if not your father or your great-grandmother.

    Patrick Kavanagh wrote it first.

    Every old man I see reminds me of my father.
    When he had fallen in love with death.
    One time when sheaves were gathered.
    That man I saw in Gardiner Street.
    (…)

    It still happens to me though the more I look myself in the mirror – something I try to avoid – the older than my father I am, which is aberrational: I’m almost three years older than him when he died.

    My sudden great Mumriunho has a single tooth and a smile that seems wider and greener than the goddam dam. We stare at each other. She is smiling all the way. I smile all the way back.

    Eventually she makes a shape using both thumbs and index fingers. She is clicking. I offer her the camera. She takes it eagerly and points it at me. I tell her not to, please, anywhere but me. She understands and clicks the sunset. I suggest she takes a self-portrait, which is unfair. She declines by pointing at her lonely teeth and performs the same eyebrow-arching routine I’ve been performing all my life.

    Her fingers are slim and her nails flat like mine and Mumruinho’s. I grab her free hand and extend my fingers to compare the size of our palms. She likes that and seems impressed with the symmetry.

    The sun is exploding on the green waters now and arching flashes on our faces that might have never looked more Oirish. It is astounding. I’m tempted to take a selfie though they are like cheese or chicken: something I try to avoid inflicting on myself.

    After remaining smiling for a while her fingers point towards a little house before the bridge. I tell her to come along with me, but she starts walking in the opposite direction. Only then she turns around once more and makes another shape with her fingers, her left palm extended, all its fingers involved now as if she were holding the skull of a little kid.

    She smiles and points again to the house and walks away.

    Eagle Snake

    The house is only a ten minute walk away. The dam waters are purple now, its surroundings devoid of trees except for a bunch of willows conjuring the end of the world, tracing wrapped X’s with their branches by its dusted shore. I get close to the brown waters and the trees and take some shots of its reflections, a paddy field family bending their spines in the far distance, across the dam. There is a long branch resting by the shore and I crouch and take it as a walking stick, its crust pierced and layered by the lazy lapping, plastic twirling around its edges, mould whispering the memory of an ancient stream that has inevitably decayed.

    I’m standing against the light, the distorted willows providing some shade, a few broken layers that seem to replicate great Mumruinho’s fingers. I wonder how the willows can grow here, the soil is strewn with dirt and rubble, and I conclude the dam waters might provide some irrigation.

    I’m considering this when a mighty snake uncurls itself from one of the branches and performs an eagle-like offensive: it flies into my face. I elude it with a swift tenkan, and when it is ready to counterattack I sway my truncheon and stick it between its eyes.

    It is my most accomplished Aikido movement in a decade, though it does not seem enough to kill it. Her brains are inside her fangs now, and I start trotting away, my adrenaline filling the dam like a million Alka Seltzer tablets.

    As I run away I see a shadow coming out of the house. I wave towards it and the shadow waves back and proceeds to walk towards me. It belongs to a young kid of seemingly Hmong features.

    Hmongs believe that killing snakes brings bad luck, only hunters are entitled, and I’m not one just yet. They also believe that if one manages to sneak into your home somebody in the family will die.

    I convince myself that the shadow hasn’t seeing anything, and I entertain myself thinking that I might remind her of her father. The shadow could remind me of my lack of offspring… and eventually it will.

    It seems to be a friendly shadow. It gets closer and smiles. She starts another finger-based conversation and offers to take a picture of me. I brand an X across my face and smile. I offer to take a picture of her and she seems to like the idea.

    The shadow is wearing an old green uniform much older than her: her grandpa’s uniform perhaps? She definitely reminds me of her ancestors: I can picture a lineage of bridge sentinels. The shadow arranges her outfit proudly and stands on top of a boulder: the colossal bridge behind, the sun in her face, all over the uniform, my shadow on her way.

    I position myself at an angle and shoot a few times. The light is heavenly and I can’t help but ask her to try a second location, just a few steps ahead. This time the sun is on my face and she is the creeping, redundant shadow. I shoot six photos and she calls it a session after stepping on the snake’s corpse. I finger tell her that it was my fault. She thinks I want to take a shot of the corpse. I tell her not and a second afterwards she grabs it and makes the universal eating hand sign.

    Yummy.

    We exchange emails and I agree to send her the photos. She seems real happy. She is carrying a small speaker in one of her many trouser pockets. She is listening to some reggaeton aberration, until the music stops and Dylan comes in, his crackling voice seemingly broadcasted from a remote planet. My jaw drops, my heart explodes. We sit down and listen.

    I’ve just reached a place
    Where the willow don’t bend.

    There’s not much more to be said
    It’s the top of the end
    I’m going
    I’m going
    I’m gone

    I’m closin’ the book
    On the pages and the text
    And I don’t really care
    What happens next
    I’m just going
    I’m going
    I’m gone

    I been hangin’ on threads
    I been playin’ it straight
    Now, I’ve just got to cut loose
    Before it gets late
    So I’m going
    I’m going
    I’m gone

    Grandma said, “Boy, go and follow your heart
    And you’ll be fine at the end of the line
    All that’s gold isn’t meant to shine
    Don’t you and your one true love ever part”

    I been walkin’ the road
    I been livin’ on the edge
    Now, I’ve just got to go
    Before I get to the ledge
    So I’m going
    I’m just going
    I’m gone

    I can only wonder if when I’m gone, whether this might be my last shore. I’m crying. I get ambitious and try to explain the story of my recent encounter with her grandmother, who could also be my great-grandmother if not Dylan’s granny. It involves many fingers trying to emulate different sizes, a syncretic effort in genealogic trees and Bob’s visions. She smiles and performs an eyebrow routine that turns us into sisters. I point at my mouth and try to illustrate an almost complete lack of teeth. She smiles again and says something and then points at the other side of the bridge with her index finger and makes the finger click sign.

    I set off towards it.

    Seven Eleven

    It is my seventh morning here. I wake up after another mighty dream, which seems to be the nature of my oneiric life since mountain landing. In the dream I’m hanging out with Trump and another evil motherfucker in one of Dublin’s corpo-fucking district hotels, by the Samuel Beckett’s bridge.

    It is weirdly sunny and Trump is inside the hotel room and I’m outside on the balcony and the sun is setting and the blinders have covered Trump’s hairdo abhorrence and the light is filtering through it and the coiffure becomes a magnificent muffin pump up with gold. I take a picture of him across the window and he, Trump, comes out.

    He seems a likeable character and tries to engage in conversation. He asks me what worries me the most. Next thing all the office buildings surrounding us start collapsing, Facebook, Google, Airbnb, you name it. He seems oblivious to it.

    I answer Property Fascism and I can’t help but blame him for it and smile at the phenomenal demolition.

    He seems disappointed. He tells me that if I like Proudhon so much I should let other people come and live with me. I wonder how the fuck Trump knows about Proudhon and I consider property and realise that the hotel we are hanging out in is actually my house. It is a dream house quite literally.

    Next thing I’ve kicked him and the other motherfucker out. Then somebody knocks at the door. I’m writing the most inspired poem of my life, an ode to Rachel Carson, who was born the same day as my grandmother, and I ignore the bells. Then I realise that a little kid has sneaked in and I get pissed off and go and tell him that he can’t sneak into my house like this, particularly when I’m working.

    Immediately afterwards I feel guilty in some tripolar fashion: I’ve embarrassed the kid, myself and poetry in one go. Trump will be proud.

    The Never-Ending Smile

    I open my eyes and I’m not dreaming anymore though I’m living the dream, sprawled on a king-sized bed overlooking the hills. A cloud in the shape of a dragon seems to be resting on the far edge of Fansipan. I wash my face, get out of the bungalow and walk down the garden towards the kitchen. It is a five dollar per night eco-lodge, breakfast included. I am the only guest. It is some real life dream. Since the invisible massacre prices have dropped down so much that I can almost live like Trump now; offshore that is.

    As I’m opening the kitchen door I see a silhouette past the front gate, by the ditch of the road. There she is. Dylan’s granny, my great grandmother, her lonely teeth filling the valley, the morning, our eyes, the whole sense of belonging. I wave at her and she smiles back and keeps smiling. I walk down the stairs and say hello.

    She starts finger talking while maintaining her smile. We might be stuck in finger grammar. She points at me and finger clicks.

    I finger tell her to wait for a second and run to my bungalow, take my camera and come back. Now her fingers are producing a new sign. It is actually a universal sign. Rubbing the inside end of your index finger with your thumb. Even Trump would understand that.

    I smile back and imitate her. Then she stops making gestures altogether and remains on the ditch, just smiling at me. It is by far the longest I’ve ever been staring at someone who is smiling back. I can recall many situations when I stared smiling at people who were not smiling back at all. I was young and angry. They were old and angry, mostly journalists.

    I offer her a coffee.

    No.

    An apple.

    No.

    To come in.

    No.

    She just keeps smiling, the ditch is her shore and my offering its breaking waves. I keep smiling back and then she tries to talk, but can only produce broken sounds, half of her body is shaking awkwardly while doing so. I draw closer, wondering if she is ok. She keeps smiling and starts walking away dragging her left leg, shaking her shoulders. I wonder if she might have had a stroke after our first encounter, and conclude that I was the one stricken. She was probably like that all the time.

    We exchange a fingered goodbye and I see her disappearing gently through the blushing rice fields and the long and bushy corn plants until the winding ditch and its floating clouds swallow her completely.

    I get in the kitchen. My landlord isn’t around. I almost miss him. It is some feeling, one of a rare kind.

    He is the skinniest man I’ve ever known. He eats dogs and cats and pork and rice: every bite he takes the thinner he gets. His smile reminds me of the smile of my great-grandmother, which somehow reminds me of my father’s and Rachel’s smile.

    Dreams Never End

    I’m daydreaming. I’m blessed and grateful to be alive. Clouds travelling like steamed up scratches before my eyes now, the paddy fields gleaming, its puddles calling, the whole world ending, while this corner blooms.

    My phone flashes. Lock invites me over for a coffee. I’m a radiator now. I take a shower, pack my backpack and jump on my scooter. It is another ten minutes ride, the winding road bringing puddles and clouds and tin houses and little mud-spattered kids under massive colourful umbrellas, shepherding buffalos and avoiding the sun and the rain of this subtropical highland ever so gently.

    I surf the clouds with my handlebar and sail the mighty holes of the broken road that separates my town from Lock’s; Boris Johnson getting abused with every shake.

    I can’t remember the last time I was on my way to meet someone I’m looking forward to hang out with. As I approach Lock’s village, I bump into my great-grandmother. She keeps sailing her shoreditch. She is walking and shaking. I stop the engine, take off my helmet and her smile takes over the mountain range.

    I dismount off the bike and approach her and we hug.

    It is the best hug I’ll ever get.

    A fucking ocean.

     

    Ho Chi Minh

    This is before Lock. Time lapses and overlaps once the shore and the waves meet. Continuity goes backwards and forward, upside and down, like my open mouth and my galloping heart.

    After leaving the sentinel shadow behind I cross the dam bridge. It is goddam steep. Feels like Moses traversing the brinies. To my left hand side there is a ravine flushing its waters over pointy rocks and vertiginous treetops, the horizon narrowing and growing farther like a rattlesnake on the run. I feel the dizzy spells. I look upfront or to my right-hand side, where the sun is setting behind the paddy field where I’m setting off to, the electric waters flashing otherworldly echoes that I fail to capture.

    The same family is still perched on the plantation, their rubber boots covered in mud, their scythe’s lowered and rusty, a buffalo couple waiting and flirting on the side of the road, its legs equally covered in mud, a psychedelic pink outlining the raw flesh on their buttocks: it is an indisputable fluorescent take on Boris Johnson’s double chin.

    I climb the little stepped hill, I finger my hello and the four members finger back at me. Father mother daughter and son, I presume. The sun is rubbing the edge of the hill, the dusk turning the paddy fields into silver puddles edging the rim of the world, the family shadows projected on it, sharp rice stalks forming a calligraphy seemingly inspired by Rachel’s take on puddles, which is as good as puddle literature gets:

    Under water that was clear as glass the pool was carpeted with green sponge. Gray patches of sea squirts glistened on the ceiling and colonies of soft coral were a pale apricot color. In the moment when I looked into the cave a little elfin starfish hung down, suspended by the merest thread, perhaps by only a single tube foot. It reached down to touch its own reflection, so perfectly delineated that there might have been, not one starfish, but two. The beauty of the reflected images and of the limpid pool itself was the poignant beauty of things that are ephemeral, existing only until the sea should return to fill the little cave.

     

    The Ephemeral Answer

    I finger translate that to the family. It takes some effort. They smile and keep bending. I show them my camera and the father points his thumb to heaven. I smile and bend and shoot their ephemeral reflections on the water until the sun goes down.

    Then I ask them for a phone number to send them the shots and have a chat. I tell them I’d like to write the story of the Hmong tourist guides coming back to work the paddy fields after the virus. The daughter has the best English and passes me her contact details.

    I know I won’t ever do it: it is only the dream of the dead journalist. I haven’t been here enough to come up with a meaningful subject to write about, so I keep producing abherrajournalist ideas.

    Nonetheless the virus side effects are a subject in itself, one that is rewriting the universe and its laws, our way of living and disengaging physically from each other.

    I would write five WhatsApps to the first five tour guides I encounter and none would quite answer. Journalist Shoreditch this is.

    Tin Booming

    I pay my respects to the family, jump on the scooter and keep riding up the road. After two minutes of ravenous ramps, distorted trees and clouds of midges avalanching my mouth, ears and nostrils, I encounter a second sunset, though this time the light dismays fast and darkness takes over.

    I take a diversion through a skinny road, the dam growing smaller underneath, an awkward tin house with a blasting soundsystem on top a hill to my left hand side. There are puddles everywhere, and I keep dismounting and shooting, while the volume keeps rising, encircling the hillside, resonating in the suddenly emerald waters, now darker than ever under a starless sky.

    After messing a bit with the water and the finger clicking, a silhouette emerges from the tin house; then a second one; and then a third and a fourth. I can’t help but recall The Chainsaw Massacre, the four silhouettes sporting what seem to be blue overalls and hillbilly hats, though the music is nothing like hillbilly; it seems to be another bastard take on reggaeton.

    I wave at the silhouettes but the silhouettes don’t wave back, their hands resting on their hips. It is chilly now and I’m just wearing a likely child-labour-made shirt and my skirt, all covered in mud.

    Smells like dead rats.

    I jump on my scooter, turn the engine on and fuck off. Ten metres on I notice a glow and hear a blasting sound that has nothing to do with the music. The explosion shines the valley and echoes all over the branches and waters, swirling and twisting like a frantic cloud of deathcore midges. I gulp and accelerate. A second detonation follows and then a third one. The roads are thinning, and my breath under the mask produces a reek of my own carbon dioxide that intoxicates me even more.

    I keep driving frantically all over the place until I encounter a Hmong village resting on top of a hill. A Tannoy sound system seems to be broadcasting the voice of a preacher. I get closer. There seems to be some kind of religious ceremony going on, swarms of Hmongs gathering under a corrugated iron roof.

    I wonder if I’ve just been hit and this is my funeral.

    They look at me in awe and I smile wondering if the sparkle in my eyes would translate what my mask is failing to express —only a few people look like they are not pissed off and/or fatally ill with their masks on. Next thing a talking hand tells me to move on. It is a robust coppery hand, a lyrical twist on the iron fist.

    I do as I’m told and the one-way road brings me further into the settlement, an uneven land of paddy fields and makeshift shacks where chickens, buffalos and goats pace around as if they are in Utopia.

    Walloped Knickers Rainbow

    I wind up at the entrance of a house, its front surrounded by a display of hanging clothes, a walloped knickers rainbow. I stop by a steep slope and catch my breath. I remove my helmet and mask and breath the night air not quite knowing where I am, still pulsing, the echo of the shots travelling up my thighs, adding its throbbing chords to Boris Johnson’s bastard drumming. Then I hear the powerful sound of an engine and a motorbike stops right by my side.

    “Are you lost”?

    I look up and I see Ho Chi Minh.

    “Since the 80’s”.

    “Good for you” he says with a broad smile.

    He is sporting stripped jean shorts and a sleeveless t-shirt that reads: “Dreams start here”.

    “I’m eager to chase the dream”

    “Ha! Good for you. You are not lost anymore. I’m driving back to my partner’s bar, you’ll love him. It is a ten-minute ride from here. You are welcome to follow us,” he says.

    “You’ll be alright with us. We love to get lost as well”, says a voice rising from the back seat.

    I’m stunned.

    Ho Chi Minh reincarnation has wide bones and broad shoulders and a steel jaw, a Bermuda Triangle that turns his passenger into a blind spot.

    Her head peers from under his shoulders and she says her name is Sam. Her smile could also alter humanity’s course.

    “Let’s get lost” I shout.

    And a cloud of dust swallows us. 

    Titanic Apocalypse 

    Ho Chi Minh drives a motocross bike from the 50’s. It makes sense. The engine is modern and its wheels and suspension much more functional than my own. I follow them through bumpy roads, waving puddles everywhere, plus cracks and dogs and frogs and buffalos guided by umbrella-blooming-shepherd children, grocery-local-shops heaping up in columns of raw meat and cigarettes and rice wine, on the shore ditch.

    Sam lifts herself up on the back seat, spreads her arms in the air, and her slim body arches the arrows of joy. Buddha is smiling on top of Fansipan, its toes rubbing her arms. This could be a cheesy mountain take on Titanic though it is more like the happy epilogue to Apocalypse Now.

    Ho Chi Minh drives fast and she turns around and grins and finger grammars; her hands are saying all this is yours, us; plus we are alive, life is a dream. She seems to embody Ho Chi Minh’s t-shirt inscription … And yes, her smile could alter the course of humanity as much as her boyfriend’s pipe’s exhalation could coat my lungs into underground for eternity. It is all a balancing act.              

    From Sapa to Norfolk by Bike

    The ride will take us to Lock’s saloon where I’ll met him for the first time and find out that he and Ho Chi Minh are business partners, a couple of freedom outcasts building the foundations of the ultimate kingdom against the invisible massacre.

    We share a few beers and play some songs before the big Wednesday, small candles igniting up the last shore, Ho Chi Minh is arranging the space and its lights, every corner and window softly setting up the lonely and humble stage of the end of Catalonelyness.

    Ho Chi Min was also a tour guide before the disgraced beer, and still runs a wild homestay resting on top of a steeped hill five minutes drive from the bar. The homestay is named after his t-shirt, and offers private rooms and three bungalows spreading upstream from the river that crosses the valley.

    Lock tells me he has been playing Irish punk traditional music for the last ten years, mainly in Hanoi, Hong Kong and Yangon. I cheer to that. His coast is humble and welcoming, his smile the ultimate shore.

    My compass points towards his library, the small and shy and yet magnificent destiny running along the back wall, an island swiftly becoming our continent, its jackets our coats, its pages the map of an instant brotherhood lit upside down, sideways and beyond.

    It feels like engaging in fire underwater, such an otherworldly flame it is.

    The waves are breaking furiously, its foam producing light, life, cells, torches; plus some breeze, the ultimate shade. We could swim this waters forever, neatly sealed, like the shore to the ocean, like the path to our footprints, the fire next time and this one, its flame never stolen, its warmth lapping, kissing, and embracing the unlikely encounter of a lighter and its sparkle.

    Lock is a well-travelled man, a wild punk trad player that left England when he was eighteen. He tells me he has lived in Burma, Thailand, China, Hong Kong, Cambodia and Vietnam. I inevitably ask for his recent adventures. He tells me that two years ago he rode a bicycle from Sapa to Norfolk, his English home, an eighteen month odyssey that he has almost finished writing about over the last two weeks, while quarantining after performing a visa run to Thailand.

    I wonder how tough it might have been to be in an isolation camp.

    “What at you talking about? I was taken into a nice hotel, it felt more like being with The Pogues backstage. I loved it. I was down to my last pennies and got fed three times a day by the same chef that would sell me one dollar Valiums and shots of whiskey every night. The weird thing was that every morning this doctor would knock at your door to check your temperature. Mine was 28 degrees for the two first mornings. He wrote it down, said it was fine and never came back. I was dead. It was sweet.”

    His smile runs halfway between Dylan’s grannie and Jane Harlow’s, and it has the cheeky intensity of Shane McGowan’s. I look outside, The Pogues blasting, and I can see Buddha crystal clear, his dimples pierced by clouds and rain and sunshine, his toes playing with the water buffalos, the paddy fields like the dream-like sculpture where John Cage could have ultimately disappeared into utter freedom.

    For the first time since I got my heart smashed like puddle rubble life is a miracle, a mighty dream. My syndrome is embraced, my roofless top covered.

    (…)

    Every man I see
    In October-coloured weather
    Seems to say to me
    “I was once your father.”

    And yet, he could be my son.

  • B9: Life in a Louisiana Care Home’s Covid-19 Cluster

    A New Roommate

    Even before the sheriff issued his notice that you had to be on the road for a good reason, people were stopped, citations written and then there was a considerable fine. But see, in here, there ain’t no ins, and no outs neither. Only the staff have hall passes. And without them there would be no one to conduct what is, for some, the highlight of our week. Though lately it’s only via an intercom. We still have Bingo.

    Bebia is both my friend and laundry lady. We’d grown used to visiting when she came to collect dirty linen and in it’s place she left the clean. But now we text back and forth, or just wave. She’s also my son’s mother-in-law, so we share the same grandchildren. Truly a godsend in that she keeps me stocked up with enough snacks to get through the next little while.

    I reveled in the luxury of having a room to myself up until they moved in a lady from New Orleans, about two months ago.  She is what they consider long term care, and as it turns out, mentally challenged. In my mind, we are okay. For now. Her name, like mine, is Linda, but in an amusing accent, she insists on calling me Mary.

    New Orleans skyline from Danziger Bridge.

    In spite of stashing everything she owns in scads of bags, she has a tendency to lose things. Each action announced before its completion is also verbally confirmed. This process doesn’t exclude the emptying of her bladder and/or bowels, which she often manages to achieve without closing the bathroom door. All things considered, I’m probably safer in here, with the madding crowd, than out there with the real nuts.

    It’s getting real in here. Newly established, the isolation ward has been set up too close for comfort. From my room, I’m able to hear most comings and goings, and I know the current number of patients is exactly nine. In the last twenty-four hours, out of two patients who went to hospital, one died, though not of Covid-19. Then they moved two more into the ward. What I’m not sure of is how many, in total, have gone to the hospital or been identified as having Covid-19, because they move them around during the night. They say about five or six staff tested positive. But a couple of them were out sick before testing was even available. Me, I hydrate. I take daily doses of vitamins and apple cider vinegar. I’m good.

    My roommate and I have been advised to stay in our room for physical therapy and we wear masks when venturing out. Our only break from each other is when she showers, or if I go to the whirlpool. I’m sure she is equally fatigued by our togetherness. I say that because, once or twice a week, she packs a bag, and sits on her bed fantasizing about a family member or driver that will rescue her. Lift her off for a visit to her home in Lafayette. An event that though imagined in detail, is not scheduled to happen in the foreseeable future. I fell for it several times, but that was way before we were shut in by the virus.

    The next clue that she had a screw loose was when, several nights in a row, she asked if in fact, we were going to sleep over? And if so, could I direct her to the bathroom? Which was, incidentally, a distance of three feet from her bed. Most nights, in spite of her eleven year tenure here, I must remind her that someone will come to collect her, and escort her to the shower. And though she stuttered around it this morning, knock on wood, she hasn’t called me Mary once for a solid four days.

    We’re doing okay, my roomie, Linda and I. Staying safe in our room, with the exceptional physical therapy walk or albeit brief, a coffee break. The dining hall dispatches a coffee cart not lacking for crackers, punch, and ice cream melting in little cups. Abandoned, it sits beside the nurse’s station, even as we’re admonished to stay in our rooms. So when it becomes clear that no one is willing to bring the cart around, as I’m one of the rare residents who’ve been diagnosed ambulatory, I don the mask. The rest are in beds or wheelchairs, watching as down the hall I trudge. What they don’t know is that I’m plotting to order a Tyrannosaurus Rex costume, in my size, for that one day when I’ll surprise them all.

    ‘I hear names that I recognize’

    Our room is about ten feet away from a ward where ten residents have been put into isolation. On my hall of twenty-seven mostly double occupancy rooms, there are only nineteen patients now. No longer allowed to circulate, I don’t know what percentage of the population is sick or well. But I hear names that I recognize. Some mentioned as being in the isolation ward.

    The ambulances didn’t always make these daily trips, but this place is inadequate for critical care patients, so when someone gets to a certain point, they’re shipped out. We’ve lost several who went to hospital. Three in the past ten days. We’re told they were classified hospice, not virus. Some long time residents, but others were, perhaps just like myself. Before all this happened, we were here for rehab. I’m quick to occupy myself with crochet and jigsaw puzzles on an app. And I don’t touch much of what other folks touch. Got no qualms wielding this can of Lysol, which I won’t hesitate to use.

    I hesitate to mention it, but without a single lapse, for about a week now, my roomie seems to have caught on to the irony that my name is, like hers, Linda. I lose patience telling her something that hasn’t changed in the eleven years she’s resided here. No, we will not be served tea with dinner.  The staff have posted a sign on the bathroom door to prevent her needlessly heading down the hall. If we were not the same age, I suppose her shortfalls wouldn’t trouble me so. But her issue is not entirely age related. She is capable of parroting just about anything she hears, but appears unable to self-direct. For example, if someone accompanies her on a task, she is perfectly capable of completing it. She’ll spend the day coloring in pages provided for her to do just that. She’ll rearrange her clothes, or pack her possessions, in anticipation of an imagined trip to, of all places, Metairie. I then have to talk her down from that place.  Not Metairie, but a mental place. Once or twice a week.

    Granddaughter’s Birthday

    I fielded a video call from my son on my granddaughter’s tenth birthday. It was my first time doing that type of thing. Loved being able not only to hear, but see them all. Their homeschooling is going as well as can be expected, but when I asked the girls how they like their new teachers, they went quiet.

    I tolerate wearing a mask and hope that the need to do so, all the time, will soon pass.  We’ve twenty positive cases in isolation and/or hospital right now. Our day clerk has gone to the hospital. She’s the first staff member I knew who got sick, but several have gone through the cycle of: symptoms, sick leave, recovery, and finally testing negative for Covid-19. There have also been a few who did not return.

    We were on the sunny south side with its early exposure. Just outside the Covid-19 unit. Until they moved us to a room at the opposite end of this hall we still share with the isolation ward. Now we have a private bathroom, including a shower, which is a plus. And we are now situated off a main patio facing soft northern light. Close enough to smell the coffee in the kitchen. They say the city is starting to open up again, even the restaurants that had been closed down.

    My roomie is okay, but it is sometimes a challenge to cope with her doings. She has periods of forgetfulness, I guess. Several times a week, she gets her things together, expecting someone to pick her up for a visit out of town. When she’s not rushing out of the room to see a godchild who isn’t there, she’s wondering how late her family will arrive for a visit not rooted in reality. I talk her down from all that, and remind her there are no ins or outs allowed.

    The Rona

    Of course, since we moved, she’s disoriented the minute she does step outside the room. Her only diversions are Bingo and coloring, so I wish the staff activities director would simply ensure she has enough pages to color before that department disappears for the entire weekend. I attempted to engage Linda in making crafts, but because I didn’t hover right over her to keep on demonstrating how to do things, she just gave up. We no longer go to the dining hall or gather for group activities as we used to because of this Covid-19 virus they’re now calling The Rona.

    This Linda, meaning me, is having a better day, today. Long story short, the other Linda’s bedside lights only came on when the ceiling lights were illuminated, but as the electrician is currently forbidden to call on us, staff remedied our situation in the interim by removing the ceiling bulbs. Now, without blinding me all night, Linda has again the use of her own lamp’s light to color by. Stress level, managed. Also, as an avid Amazon shopper, I had Jeff Bezos deliver a nonslip safety mat and matching bath rug for our private shower. Stress level, lowered. I didn’t have to buy it for myself, but instead of waiting for someone else to get around to it, that’s what I did.

    We cower in our rooms. Three more residents have been moved to the Covid-19 unit. That’s a total of twenty-three positive cases. The clerk, who had been working here for several years, has succumbed, after two weeks on the ventilator. She was in her late fifties, but because she commuted, she won’t count in this cluster’s contribution which is a hefty 36% of the deaths in our parish* to date.

    I’ve been dwelling on how life has changed in the year-and-a-half that has passed. My way of life was vastly different before, while doing something rather ordinary, a casual misstep occurred. It was something I did several times a day. Every day. That life before was routine for me. I came and went at my leisure. If I wanted to go to the local grocery at 1:00am, I did. If I wanted to grab a burger, or breakfast in the middle of the night, thank you, America, I could grab my bag and hit the road. I’m single, and don’t have a pet, so I did as I pleased. I ate as I pleased, with pure self-regulation, or if I chose, with sweet abandon to a point. Finances being my only impediment. Then one day, just as I was about to reel myself in, fate or karma – choose your causation – intervened and I missed that step.

    After a brief stay in hospital, which in hindsight, I wish had been a rubber room, I ended up in a rehab facility. The ultimate rubber room. I figured this would be for a short stint, to get my feet back under me and regroup. Reality reveals to me that life, as I knew it, has changed. I’ve become reliant on assisted ambulation, unable to step away on my own. And so I sit and crochet, or work jigsaw puzzles on my iPad. Physical therapy, as dictated by evaluations, comes welcomed, but in fits and starts.

    B-9!

    I was winding up my courage to find a way back home, when the whole world turned into a rehab facility. No one comes in, and no one goes out. Even the group activities, which held no interest for me, were cancelled. Bingo over the intercom is not the same, but you are drawn into it, because whether you want to or not, everyone hears the call, “B-9!”. They experimented with players sat in their doorways down the hall; however even those who were interested to participate, couldn’t hear. Either way, I do not feel benign.

    Then wearing masks at all times became mandatory, and also remaining in your room. “Don’t come out, we will bring whatever you need,” they say. And they do. What they do not say is how long you will have to wait. And so, we wait.

    An extra unit, dedicated to isolating Covid-19 cases, also created an immediate shortage of staff. Not to mention the virus running its course through workers as well as residents. Staff go home for two weeks or if they test negative twice. One in particular did not return. She was the backbone of the unit. The clerk. I was once the clerk in an Intensive Care Unit, so I feel her loss greatly. We were kindred spirits.

    Still cowering in our rooms, we are now startled by a cough, and pray for desirable readings when our “vital signs” are checked, even as beds are being rolled down the hall to the locked doors. With cheer we greet the “baby docs” from the local Louisiana State University Medical School, who come bearing swabs they bring back for study in their lab. One of many which is working on a vaccination.

    Hope springs eternal, and in the past week, only one new person tested positive. Five wrung out souls have been “clapped out,” applauded for having graduated with test results confirmed negative. They are the brave who weathered the storm with basic intervention. No hospitalization, just medication and the tender loving care of nurses who had already looked after them for years before this beast began to move among us.

    As for me and my changed perspective, I appreciate so much more the freedom I once had in my previous life. I promise daily that if I find my way home, I’ll not act the same.  I’ll be more thoughtful and frugal, more measured. Then I realize I am snacking on the Kraft Caramels I ordered from Walmart.

    Stuff

    In 1986, the great comedian, George Carlin, performed a stand-up routine about “Stuff.” He challenged me then, but life has dealt me the bigger challenge. George opened my mind, but it is life that has demanded my obedience and in the end prevailed. I’m still learning to discern the difference between stuff and essentials.

    A year-and-a-half ago, unknowingly, I downsized my life in an instant. When Emergency Medical Services hauled me away to the hospital, I didn’t know how little I really required to get along. All I had was the clothes on my back. Fortunately, because it was winter, that included shoes and a coat. For the first week, I slept in a hospital gown, and when I was discharged from the hospital, I then went to stay in a friend’s home. There, she loaned me some of her husband’s clothes, while she washed mine. I returned to the hospital for a spell and finally checked in to this rehab. After a few days, I was escorted to my house, where I gathered several changes of clothes for day and night, and some toiletries. With no intention of staying long, I selected only a few favorites, but I’ve only been back once to gather essential paperwork.

    In the rehab, I first shared a room with an older lady who was unable to care for herself. She was waiting to pass, which is another way to say die. We shared with another lady, one in the same condition, a lavatory, and I also had access to the whirlpool bath down the hall. My portion of the room held a single bed, dresser, wardrobe, TV and chair. After Mary passed, I was alone in the room for some time, but having lived on my own for twenty years, I was quite comfortable. Maybe too much so, because my stay began to stretch well into the next year. Since then, through the magic of online shopping, I have accumulated a bit more “stuff,” though with an exit strategy still in mind and heart, I manage on a minimum.

    The shift was sudden, when a lady who was about my age, required a room change. She was mentally a child. One who needed a shepherd, of sorts. Having outlived her roommate of several years, it appeared her replacement roommate was ill-suited for the role. But see, I’m a mother, a grandmother, a daughter, and an aunt, who has not only been to beauty school and groomed the glamorous, but gone on to work in a hospital setting where I cared for crack babies by night. Disadvantaged newborns so underweight as to be inconsolable are no problem for a woman like me. Someone who has always operated in caregiver mode.

    Not knowing the scoop, I agreed to my new roommate, as if I ever really had a choice. And she moved in with her stuff, which was considerably more than mine. We have since been upgraded to another room, with a private en suite. But it’s a constant battle to prevent her stuff from spreading to the point that housekeeping can no longer perform their chores.

    Moving in to our new digs, I simply squeezed all my stuff on to my bed, which was then rolled down the hall, while hers took several trips. Considering that I’ve left behind a three bedroom house, packed to the gills, I think karma has indeed succeeded in downsizing me. I must say, not having kitchen privileges has kept that sort of paraphernalia off my list. For the life of me, I cannot imagine what I filled my house with. Only that it must be extra stuff I obviously never needed. There are moments when I recall some convenient item which I have at home and could use here. But buying a duplicate of something I know I already own, prompts me to think twice before ordering online. Creature comforts are often overrated.

    Testing Times

    The first time I was tested, we’d just been served a meal, so while the doctor cleared my sinuses with his swab, I predicted I’d probably test positive for banana pudding. Since then we’ve been swabbed three more times. It feels as if we’re participating in a study, but I wasn’t asked to sign anything. Sheepish or deep, it seems the state mandated 100% testing for all care facilities. Too little. Too late.

    The Assistant Director announced three days ago, that we were 100% Covid-19-free. There remain a few patients, still recuperating in the dedicated unit, but it’s reassuring to know we are what they call clear. For now. Three more residents came out of the Covid isolation area on Thursday, greeted by all our eyes sparkling above still mandatory masks.

    Perhaps it’s true that if it can be dreamed, it can be done. Indoctrination is rampant. Having fallen for this test run they call Covid-19, they now know if we can be herded over a virus, there is no limit to which they can control our lives and minds.

    After all, who do you believe? Michigan’s governor who locked down her entire jurisdiction, and threatened to arrest people, before she travelled across state lines to a vacation home? Perhaps you prefer the brother of New York’s governor, who claimed in broadcasts, from his palatial home, that he had The Rona, and took the same drug for which he condemned the President? But who, while on quarantine, day tripped to his newly built home out of the city? Yeah, that one who then joked about a nasal swab used for his test, while several thousand families mourn their dead entrusted to nursing homes stuffed with active Covid-19 cases.

     

    Then there is the California mayor who ordered the skateboard park filled in with sand, to keep kids out. Dominating the parks anyway, those little geniuses drove their dirt bikes in and out and all over the park. The way adults are acting, who could blame them?

    For the fortieth time in four hours, Linda might have made her way past my bed to the door where once again, she will peer out, and not recognize her surroundings. However, upon hearing the man across the hall talking on his phone, she’ll rush to his bedside, and ask if by chance, he’s speaking with her nephew. Or is it her niece? Her attentions are rewarded by the poor man’s polite confusion.

    Kids are right to peddle away from meddlers, and in to the night. It is just this, which grants each dawn it’s potential. One could even go so far as to call it a distinct possibility, however remote, of anarchy.

    *Unlike the rest of the United States, Louisiana is divided not into counties, but parishes.

     

  • Tea for Two

    Delighted, I hold in my hand, one of only three known photographs of meself as a young man. It was taken on my eighteenth birthday, back when I worked for local builder The Whimpy Dunne. The Whimpy was the finest craftsman I’ve ever been employed by, whether in Ireland, England or Europe, as I worked in all those places.

    The Whimpy was good to me, and it’s a lovely thing for me to know, that after all these years, we still speak highly of each other. I’ve only bumped into him a handful of times since. So receiving this photograph, from his son Adrian, not only made my week, but brought with it a flood of memories.

    Many young people have no idea of the great times we had back in the 1970s. It was a boom time in construction and drink was cheap as water. We drank oceans of drink and still had money to live on. We have, since those days, progressed beyond recognition thanks to technology. But the downside is that we’ve also become very different. Socially detached from each other.

    I left school in 1975 before turning fifteen years old. Tried every builder in the whole parish of Tyrrellspass and further afield to get a job. It’s only fair to say no one back then wanted to employ a youngster who drank like I did. It wasn’t the amount I drank, but the amount of trouble that went along with it. Like having my name read aloud from the alter by the parish priest at least once a month. The “horizontal craic” I used to call it because I didn’t give a shite about much.

    One summer’s day I was sat picking my nose upon the wall at the turnpike in Tyrrellspass. I just didn’t know what to do with myself. Didn’t want to go home. All they ever done there was run me down. Tell me how useless I was. And how I wasn’t worth rearing.

    Suddenly a big green Ford Zephyr car pulled up and it was The Whimpy Dunne himself. This man had forgotten more about building than all the others knew put together. I couldn’t believe my luck when he opened the door of the car and this he did say to me.

    “Young Feery, I hear that you are a great lad to work. Would you be interested in coming to work with me? If you do, the pickings will be richer than what your picking from your nose.”

    Of course I jumped at the chance when he told me he would pick me up the next morning. I ran the whole mile home to find my mother was asleep in the armchair. So ecstatic was I that I climbed up onto the roof to communicate with her in my favourite way.

    There I stood at the chimney stack, with my three foot length of plastic soil pipe, to wake her up when I roared down the chimney. “I HAVE A JOB NOW. WITH THE WHIMPY DUNNE. AND FUCK THE LOT OF YOUS NOW.” That’s just the way things were in my home. But I was determined to make the best of my first proper job. And I did.

    The Whimpy Dunne was the first man I ever met that never criticized me. All he done was encouraged me, saw my potential and taught me all I knew. I spent the best three and a half years of my working life working for him. We worked hard. Lived hard. But everything was done with great craic and humour. More than just respect and friendship, it felt like being part of a family.

    Because The Whimpy got all the best contracts, the work was always very interesting. Once we were building an extension to the castle in Tyrrellspass. One morning, at the start he came in with a big box of tea bags. “Jaysus!” The Whimpy said to me. “Nicky Feery these are some great yokes. Now all you have to do is boil the kettle, put a bag in the cup, and fill with hot water.” Up until this moment, everyone we knew used loose tea to make tea. And in a tea pot.

    As the weeks passed, after every cup of tea I made for the two of us, I’d sling the tea bag right out the window of the extension we were building. One day the local farmer, Pete F., was passing by and called in for a chat. That was a lovely thing before technology came about. We  took the time to interact, and get to know each other.

    As Pete was chatting to us he kept looking out the window at the huge pile of used tea bags that had blue mould now growing out of them. I could tell he had no idea what the mouldy tea bags were. Then The Whimpy had to go to the car for some tools, and Pete then whispered to me, “Nicky Feery! What’s them yokes growing in a pile outside the window?” To tease him, because I knew he didn’t have a clue what they were, I said, “I’ll give you three guesses, Pete.”

    He thought and he thought. Then he said, “Sex yokes. They’re sex yokes.”

    “No, Pete.” says I, “They”re not condoms.” He thought again.

    “Drugs. They’re auld drugs growing up out of the ground.”

    “No, Pete, they’re not drugs growing up out of the ground.”

    “Ah Nicky Feery. Tell to me, what are they?”

    “They’re tea bags, Pete. That’s what we make the tea with now.” That said, I took one out of the box and showed him.

    As he walked away, he took off his flat cap and scratched his head, saying to himself,

    “Well Holy Jaysus. Tea bags. Tea in a fucken bag. The world is going mad. Whatever will they come up with next?”

  • Where have all the Lefties Gone?

    Revolution? Really!

    Lately there seems to be something very right-wing about being on the ‘Left’. I’m not really sure what the ‘Left’ actually stands for anymore. Until the 1990’s it was the place where you would find a broad array of Marxists, Trotskyites, Labour Party members, Socialists, and even Shinners. All partook of an identity easily distinguished from the ‘Right’, where there was a corresponding mix of Thatcherites, Reaganites, ‘trickle-down’ economists, and extreme libertarians.

    Oh boy! Things were easy then. Even if you didn’t sympathize with the Left, agreement with the near-ubiquitous Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) made you one by proxy. The Left was a vast political and psychological landscape, and it was almost impossible to reach another political standpoint without crossing its borders.

    In essence, the Left was once defined by its distinction from the Right; the big Other of Nuclear Power, the Corporation and ‘profits before people’. It was real, accessible, unavoidable, and an essential alternative to the establishment; a crucial political counterbalance to the dominant side of politics. It was, ostensibly, about ‘ordinary-people’, higher taxes for the rich and social investment.

    For a long time the Left held the intellectual high ground. Existentialists, artists, poets; Kafka, Camus, Beckett, Joyce, Hemingway, Steinbeck, and many more, were all on-side, raging in their own way ‘against the machine’; against religion, blind conformity, and the inhumanity of a comfortably-numb establishment.

    You just had to grab a copy of Kafka’s The Castle, slip into a pair of Birkenstock’s, order a latte, or smoke on a clove cigarette, to declare yourself a Leftie. Today those same cafes are populated with ‘techies’, hurriedly devouring avocado toast, perusing the Economist, fiddling with a ‘fit-bit’, and asking Siri if Tesla shares are on the rise.

    So where have they all gone, those Beatniks and the latter-day Chés? Today, distinguishing ideological differences between ruling and opposition parties in most Western democracies requires superhuman vision, or no vision at all. Existentialist dialogue about literature or philosophy is rarely found in mainstream media, instead relegated to academia, or that strange cabal, referred to disparagingly as ‘intellectuals’.

    What we are left with is an exaggerated respect for the titans of big business, the market, and venerate unlimited economic growth.

    What Colour are Irish Apples?

    Perhaps the Left simply grew old and frail? The fruit of the early labours brought sufficient liberty and licence to sire a more politically effete ‘snowflake generation’. Perhaps their offspring have simply ‘sold out’, or been wooed into the corporate fold, via a co-dependence on social media and semi-legal sedatives?

    Yet today in Ireland our government is not simply failing to tax corporations progressively, but actively trying to return tax revenues to its corporate ‘benefactors.’

    Allegiance of the national media to the Government’s ongoing legal battle to return tax revenue to Apple has been crucial. Thus, in one article published on the RTE News website in September 2019 entitled ‘The Apple tax case: All you need to know,’ RTE’s Business editor Will Goodbody concludes his analysis with the following summation:

    But wouldn’t we like to get our hands on the cash?

    That would seem like a great idea on the face of it, and one advocated by quite a few politicians.

    At a time when we are facing significant economic uncertainty with Brexit, a global economic downturn, trade wars and more, €14.3bn would go a long way towards resolving many problems.

    However, that would only be a short term gain and may only go to reinforce claims that Ireland is a tax haven – something the Government strongly denies.

    In the long-run the argument made by other politicians and experts is that Ireland would be far better off if it and Apple won their appeals.

    This would protect Ireland’s reputation and send a strong message out to the international investment community that Ireland is a safe place to invest, they claim.

    Of course, there is much change afoot in the international corporate tax environment anyway, particularly through the OECD. Within the country too, the Government has taken steps to clamp down on corporation tax loopholes.

    So while a €14.3bn windfall might seem very attractive, for a small open economy like ours that is so dependent on inward investment and a reputation for doing clean business, it actually could prove massively damaging.

    The stakes are very high for all concerned and the next hand will be played on Tuesday morning in Luxembourg.

    Note that the argument for accepting the tax arises from “quite a few politicians”, whilst the case to return the tax is made “by other politicians and experts”. Apple must be permitted to  avoid paying taxes, otherwise they might take their sugar elsewhere. At least that’s the “expert” view.

    Goodbody’s supposedly impartial analysis is really “all you need to know”.

    Notably, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic whilst in opposition Green Party leader Eamon Ryan repeatedly stated he hoped the government would drop its legal challenge to the E.U. judgment, and accept the unpaid tax (2). Yet whilst negotiating the Programme for Government this enormous issue, slipped down the Green agenda.

    It’s reached the stage where we should not be asking where are the Left, but rather where have our collective morals disappeared altogether with regard to a company paying its dues.

    Revealingly, in 1968 the rate of corporation tax in the U.S. stood at 52.8%. Since then it has dropped steadily to the present rate of 21%. Socialism is an expensive business which requires taxation revenue.

    Halcyon days.

    Socialism is the political expression of Leftist ideology. In calling for a Renewed Deal, David Langwallner argued recently that Socialism may have been undermined by Socialism itself:

    In Late 1970’s Britain in particular, the excess of socialism were becoming obvious, with the three day working week, refuse on the streets, and the stranglehold of government by the Unions. In circumstance where initiative was stifled Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Regan championed the old doctrine of unregulated markets.

    What Langwallner’s critique hints at is that when the unions became strong, workers in many industries became lazier and devoid of initiative. There is also the U.S. Republican assumption that socialism has the same effect upon the poor. The welfare or unionised notion of paying people to work less, or not at all, may indeed be the ‘terrible’ underbelly of socialism, but this notion needs to be unpacked, with impartiality.

    When the poor are given sugar in the context of a political philosophy that values sugar (or material wealth), as the measure of success, it is not unreasonable to expect that teeth will rot and guts bulge. This is, however, true of the poor and of the not-so-poor. The problem with sugar is that it dampens hunger for more demanding or nutritional alternatives.

    What do people generally do with the essential supports from a socialist system, once the absolute essentials are paid for? If there is something remaining, do they buy; beer, smokes, take-aways, or books to read? Some might choose the latter, but let’s face it, they are hardly in a majority.

    The ‘poor’, are encouraged to become more ‘educated’ and ‘literate’. Yet, all too often, getting homework done, or having academic interests is only really possible as one ascends through the class structure of Western society. Education is impeded at an early stage by classrooms that are overcrowded. Literacy or literature has little social currency, if you don’t believe me ask a poet.

    The poor live within a society that values wealth above most other qualities. The education system hardly teaches children to become autonomous individuals, insisting on conformity to a particular curriculum. Children are primarily educated to become ‘workers’ or ‘professionals.’

    The poor respond to their marginalization through recourse to booze, smokes, sugar, football, or pot. Or someone can vent frustrations or social impotence upon those vulnerable who are closer to home.

    James Joyce described this process in Dubliners in the stories of ‘Counterparts,’ where the ‘hero’ Farrington is lauded in a pub after work, for a witty retort to his hectoring superior’s question: ‘Do you take me for an utter fool?’ His response ‘I don’t think, sir, that that’s a fair question to ask me’.

    He has his drinking buddies in stitches, but ends the day realising the joke may have cost him his job, which shines an unforgiving light on his failings. Returning home:

    He cursed everything he had done for himself in the office, pawned his watch, and he had not even got drunk.”  At home his son becomes the scapegoat: Farrington severely beats him with a stick, for failing to keep the fire alight.

    Joyce subtly illustrates the inferiority and anger we inflict on others because of our own socially reinforced notions of success; and what it means to be a ‘winner’ or a ‘loser’. Human psychology changes very little.

    A Deeper Analysis

    What of the assertion that the socialist transaction cannot avoid reminding both beneficiaries and benefactors, of who the ‘winners’ and the ‘losers’ really are? Now we are upon the fringes of a different kind of question. This is not to doubt the requirement for social supports, but to interrogate more deeply the psychology of the participants, the ideological context, and the material nature of the transaction itself.

    We have been playing different versions of the same capitalist game since the advent of civilization, in amassing personal wealth. Yet, the irony is that human-mortality resolutely confirms ownership as a delusion. Every ‘thing’ we think we own, is in fact, merely borrowed for a time. The plastic bags within which we carry home our groceries, may well be around for longer than ourselves.

    Science, technology, government and mass production have freed us from a necessity to hoard, but it continues in different forms, as we make it our life’s work. Perhaps we are simply stupid or perhaps instead we have been conditioned to fear instead of trust? Wealth provides security and assuages certain fears. Indeed, if we could only trust our politicians to deliver on their promises, we might be less inclined to hoard, and even happily pay our taxes.

    In the decline of the Left, Democracy succumbs to a capitalism that sustains corporations, the market and a state bureaucracy. Arguably Democracy has foundered, and an evolution, or a new kind of ‘social experiment’ is long overdue. Impending environmental collapse means the window for change is fading fast.

    In the present version of ‘the game’, there are plenty of ‘losers’. Social welfare is the essential mechanism whereby those ‘losers’ are protected from falling too far from the field. The game is indeed an expensive one. As such, Socialism is a kind of charity that is derived from the taxes of those who are not losing badly, or (in theory at least) from the taxes of those who are not losing at all.

    Yet, what becomes of Socialism when it is trapped within the wealth-game and dependent on the charity of the winners? What is the nature of the relationship between giver and receiver? The latter ought to be grateful, whilst the former cannot escape feeling self-righteous, magnanimous, or even ‘Christian’. Much of this ‘sentiment’ is superficial, but what if we dig a little deeper?

    What if the recipient of socialist charity feels resentment towards his benefactor?  Or what if his outlook is merely ambiguous, or he could not care less about a state that has generously endowed him with entitlements like a home, a medical card and welfare payments? If he lacks gratitude, he is apparently not fulfilling his part of the transaction. But if he experiences gratitude, he is demoralized.

    What if the poor are not as thoughtful as some presume? Perhaps they see the relative wealth of the State, and resent that they are dining on crumbs, however hearty? We in the middle classes expect recipients of our social charity to be grateful, at least to the extent that they refrain from breaking into our homes and disturbing the islands in our kitchens.

    But what if the poor man is an angry man, and not a grateful demoralized slave? What if he is uncertain as to why he is angry? What if he defines his material wealth, his status, through the same relativist lens as his benefactor? He has clearly ventured outside the contract; he is not playing by the rules. He may even become a criminal.

    Mainstream media displays an obsession with ‘obvious’ criminals. Yet the hidden criminality of tax avoidance is immune from daily scrutiny or moral indignation.

    https://twitter.com/roisiningle/status/1141006400421806082

    But what if our ‘obvious criminal’ is merely demonstrating his anger by pissing on the street, or through petty crime, littering,  graffiti or larceny? What if his addiction or self-destruction is a symptom of losing the game? What if much criminality is instead, the sublimation of something deeper? The criminal participates in a different game, where he doesn’t depend on charity and has an equal if not a significantly improved chance of becoming a winner?

    We are want to believe that they are indeed grateful for our socialist charity, and immune to the material-relativism that has generated the very excesses that makes such largesse possible. Within this narrative criminals are simply ‘bad-eggs’ requiring incarceratation, re-education, rehabilitation, punishment or perhaps simply entertainment with a little bit of sugar.

    Alain de Botton described a ‘Status Anxiety’ where the relatively poor are just as unhappy as the relatively rich. How unhappiness manifests in either ‘class’ is different of course: rich and poor display peculiar versions of the same dis-ease. Neither are immune from feeling like a ‘loser’, and indeed, becoming a ‘winner’ is often far less rewarding, than assumed.

    It is only when we have the courage to reject the wealth-game that permits and demands us to be charitable, that ‘we’ begin to reject both cause and effect. At best however, we wallow in the intellectual mire, of continually trying to change the rules; to make society more inclusive, accessible and accommodating for all the players. We never tire of trying to preserve the game and construct what Slavoj Zizek describes as ‘Capitalism with a human face.’

    Counter Argument

    The counter argument is often that without wealth, charity becomes impossible. Perhaps we are all now ‘trickle-down’ economists.

    There is, however, in this modern era, a reasonable reply, requiring a modicum of thought. It states with philosophical confidence, that without wealth, charity itself becomes largely unnecessary. This ‘radical’ assertion is based on a progressive assessment of our social progress, of our technology, our science, our medicine and our ability to provide for honest human needs.

    There is today, more than enough for everyone, but only when we begin to define ‘enough’ outside of the context of relativism. Yet it’s a truth that has yet to find a political home, and be lived up to by ‘we the people’. We should not despair, however, the Scandinavian nations, at least, seem to have secured a few lifeboats and embarked on a voyage of political discovery.

    On a practical level, the question then arises: how might we elect politicians who will lead by the contrary example of rejecting the wealth-game, instead of the usual perfunctory review of the rule-book?

    I believe we must listen to the hidden articulations of our ‘obvious’ criminals, sanction the un-obvious criminals, and honestly reject our material superfluity.

    If we should ever embark upon a different game, politicians will have to tell us what many do not wish to hear. That too much money is not good for us. They will have to insist that the game itself is the cause of our dis-eases.

    It is simply inhuman to live in a society that does not hold socialist values; and yet we cannot avoid Oscar Wilde’s astute observation in The Soul of Man Under Socialism that: ‘charity degrades and demoralizes. It is immoral to use private property in order to alleviate the horrible evils that result from the institution of private property.’

    We must move our political philosophy beyond the Victorian ideal of a charitable socialism, into a realm of thinking that renders charity itself unnecessary. To do so we must consider human beings as being far more than consumers. We must recognise that the poor don’t require a decent and philosophically grounded education, we all do.

    To think philosophically or even intelligently, we must re-evaluate our collective love of sugar. We must dispense with excessive material possession, status anxiety, eternal youth, and fast fashion. The measures of success and the benchmarks for respect within a shared society must be turned on their fat ugly heads.

    Such a society would be one where each human being is recognised as being born with something successful already contained within. It need not be consumed or purchased or attained, it is already hard-wired, and needs only to be introduced to the world by the midwife of old Philosophy. If the Left is to become viable again, it must stand as an antagonism to the irrational consumptive ideals that have come to define the individual, society and state. In order to do so, the Left must own a pure philosophy, and lead by example.

    The Extinction of the Left

    It is interesting to note that many, if not most of the big Corporate entities we might consider to be on the Right, emerged from ostensibly Leftie origins.

    Steve Jobs, ‘Leftie’ origins.

    Steve Jobs who founded Apple, was an orphan of mixed race parentage. The start-up began in a garage with a few pals, followed by a rise to fame and fortune with a ‘vision’ to bring an ‘alternative’ to the market, a computer for ordinary people.  Likewise all the main players from Starbucks coffee, Facebook, Google etc., began their lives with the lefty dream-tropes, of grass-roots change.

    In Ireland, we had something of the same transformation of U2 the band, into U2 the industry. We see this evolution in erstwhile Lefty publications like the Guardian, who begin on the Left, and then drift inexorably right-ward, becoming increasingly dependent upon the market, or the ‘clickbait’ of social media.

    Arguably the same process has ultimately transformed  RTE. It’s income from mandatory TV licences was supposed to insulate it from market forces. Yet it is now caught in a bind between dependent on licence fees and the market revenues it derives from advertisements. The present salaries of its top presenters are as publicised as they are ignored. Early on, the transformation was objected to by one of its most accomplished and renowned directors, Bob Quinn, who resigned as an RTE producer in 1969, objecting to the increasing influence of market imperatives.

    Today, stuck between the pay-masters of Government and the Market; ideas uncomfortable to either, are rarely countenanced. RTE’s financial dependence define its intellectual boundaries. What has evolved, might be described as something of a national ‘metronome’, ticking hypnotically between two defined limits; a fidelity to the ruling regime (whomever they may be) and a strict conformity to market ideology. Until RTE is liberated from itself, (and we from it), Ireland’s intellectual paralysis seems likely to remain.

    Too often, the Left is contaminated by the same wealth that it seeks on behalf of the proletariat. Thus as Lefties become rich, we evolve slightly different values. The process of the son growing up and murdering his father, is as old as Greek mythology. A cynic might even suggest that the purpose of the Left is simply to nurse the children of the Right, until they are mature enough to leave the den and hunt for themselves.

    The Meek shall Inherit the Earth

    It appears that you have to be poor to be on the Left. The further one moves from poverty into the middle classes, the more of a material ‘success’ one makes of oneself, the more difficult it becomes to declare oneself a Lefty.  As most society get wealthier the Leftist demand for ‘more money’ for the relatively poor is increasingly difficult to sustain. Terms like ‘looney left’ are increasingly grounded in empirical truths.

    During the Lefty campaign against water charges in 2014, then Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party Joan Burton answered a questions in the Dáil with words that may have led to the demise of her career:

    “All the protesters I have seen seem to have extremely expensive phones, tablets and video cameras.”  [They]… “put Hollywood in the ha’penny place.

    It serves to remind us that only ‘genuine,’ ‘deserving’ poor should lay claim to being on the Left. The brutal irony is that the statement was made by the leader of the Labour Party, then in receipt of a salary in the region of €200k per annum, which just goes to confirm the absurdity of Irish politics.

    Yet we cannot insist that all Lefties are equally bereft of integrity. Socialist TDs Joe Higgins and Clare Daly, were jailed for protesting against bin charges in 2003. Higgins subsisted on half his salary, donating the remainder to his party. TD’s under the banner of ‘People before Profit’ can claim a similar ideological legitimacy.

    Perhaps there is some cut off point at the lower middle class, where the legitimacy of being a Lefty starts to break down? Lefties (real ones) apparently don’t drive Range Rovers, or have islands in their kitchens, and they don’t live in the leafy burbs.

    Yet I, along with many family members and a few friends who are relatively wealthy, consider ourselves ‘legitimate’ Lefties. The real test arrives when we are called upon to give some of it back, to pay more taxes, or take pay cuts. I like to think that we would gladly rise to the occasion. However, I am yet to experience a political regime that is willing to lead by example, and until then, my own superfluous wealth is safe from them, and perhaps safe from a more honest version of myself.

    Protective Rationalization

    The chaplain had sinned, and it was good. Common sense told him that telling lies and defecting from duty were sins. On the other hand, everyone knew that sin was evil and that no good could come from evil. But he did feel good; he felt positively marvellous. Consequently, it followed logically that telling lies and defecting from duty could not be sins.
    “The chaplain had mastered, in a moment of divine intuition, the handy technique of protective rationalization, and he was exhilarated by the discovery. It was miraculous.
    “It was almost no trick at all, he saw, to turn vice into virtue, slander into truth, impotence into abstinence, arrogance into humility, plunder into philanthropy, thievery into honour, blasphemy into wisdom, brutality into patriotism, and sadism into justice. Anybody could do it; it required no brains at all. It merely required no character.
    Joseph Heller, Catch-22 (1961)

    In many respects a new market space has opened up where Lefties can now outsource our morality, in order to reconcile private wealth with the realities of global, ecological and home-grown privations.

    In pursuit of this ‘protective rationalization’ the easiest thing may simply be to deny everything, from climate change to the Holocaust. To blame the poor for poverty and the addict for his addiction – de-legitimizing the left by pointing to their expensive phones.

    Having lived in California for many years and been educated there, I wonder at how I reconciled my own life; going to college, driving a pick-up, living in a comfortable apartment in Sacramento, and attending University. How was I able to reconcile my hard-earned comforts with the privations I witnessed while walking through the Mission District? There one encounters a kind of ‘zombie apocalypse’ – an army of homeless, social outcasts, mentally ill, war-veterans, alcoholics, drug addicts, down and outs, panhandling to get by, engaging in petty crime, sleeping on the streets, and being a veritable ‘nuisance’ to all and sundry.

    At the time, I bought into a particular narrative that may have held an element of truth back in the naughties. I had emigrated to America with nothing, I had some help from a girlfriend. I lived with her until I could get on my own two feet; obtained a student visa to make myself legitimate; attended college; found a job and secured a credit card.

    Encountering the homeless, I too saw them as ‘bums’ and ‘wasters’:too fucked up on drugs; or too lazy to take advantage of the opportunities that California had afforded me. They may not have had expensive phones but they had the same ‘opportunities’ as I enjoyed.

    Since then I have grown up, and become a little wiser in respect of what ‘causes’ another human being to sleep on the streets. Yet, what I now know remains alien to many Americans who cling to the belief that their nation is a ‘frontier’ society, where fortune and success await anyone willing to get out of bed early in the morning and get to work.

    Henry David Thoreau

    Henry David Thoreau

    I imagine that when Henry David Thoreau began his life experiment on Walden Pond, his ideas conformed with those of a contemporary Republican in the U.S., Indeed, his assertion that ‘government is best which governs least’ remains a Republican or Right-wing ideal, in respect of taxes and social investment.

    If, however, that assertion is amended slightly to: ‘government is best which has to govern least’, we may gain a clearer understanding of what Thoreau stood for. There is an obligation upon government to govern, and there is an equal obligation upon individuals members of society to avoid needing an excess of governance.

    Society requires a government to keep us safe from criminals; to protect borders from invasion, (armed as opposed to invasions of the hungry or displaced); to treat its water and sewage; to tend to the sick and to educate children.

    Government on all these levels is essential. Yet there is a vital counterbalance to the need for government. This arises from the autonomy of the individual, his freedom to determine his own destiny. If we convince ourselves that the bum has chosen his destiny and that his choice is his ‘right’, his ‘freedom’; we find it easier to exclude the horror of his existence from the relative comforts of our own lives.

    But it isn’t easy to convince oneself that another human being deserves a squalid life, simply because of a ‘choice’ he has made as an expression of his liberty. Yet this is an approach that seems to work for a lot of people.

    So what can we do? We can’t simply raise enough in taxation to provide every homeless person in the Western world with a slice of middle class living.

    Perhaps we can stay on track, with the Republican notion of ‘opportunities’, so that the poor have less of an ‘excuse’ to be poor? Wherever that argument lead us, it cannot escape the hard reality that fellow human beings should not be allowed to sleep, live and die on the streets. Nor can it escape the reality that the existence of winners gives rise to losers. Clean, hygienic shelters/homes, access to adequate nutrition, to mental health services, to education; all are eminently realisable in a state that can send aircraft carriers to the Persian Gulf.

    A rejection of personal material wealth raises a different type of  intellectual ‘poverty’ and affords us a different type of environmental solution. In respect of the environment, and our own personal ‘enlightenment’, it might well be the only approach that will permit the global human enterprise to continue.

    Love thy Neighbour?

    So the Lefty question remains: Is it wrong for me to live out a life of comfort, whilst many within my society and billions outside of  it, live in squalor or at least as ‘losers’ beyond the prevailing notions of success? I fear the answer is yes. But at what distance does my relative abundance, my moral indignation, my personal wealth, become relatively immoral? Perhaps I owe more of an obligation to my immediate neighbour, if indeed I am aware that he or she is hungry or suffering or is abusing his dependents. But what if he lives two doors down, or a block away, just across the border, or on another continent?

    Sadly, as we become wealthier, we become less overtly Lefty. We subtly change our morals to accommodate our ‘success’ in the world. As the process evolves we become overburdened by our possessions, our connections with corporations, or our smartphones.  The weight often grows to the extent that we feel a need to outsource those same morals, to a ‘safer’ place than Leftist activism.

    We achieve this through comedy, through the arts, or perhaps through supporting the Green Party. Art allows us to feel the pain of the poor without getting our hands dirty. Comedy provides us with a safety valve to laugh at the pointless nature of our own materialism, our insatiable desire for more of the same.

    The Green Party are of course not the enemy. Yet the notion that we can ameliorate the collapse of global ecology, through a new type of ‘Green consumption’, through recycling, or by driving an electric car is a palpable manifestation of our capacity for delusions that are at once essential and ineffectual.

    The Growth Illusion

    The poverty that is chiefly described in the West, is rarely the real poverty that sleeps on the streets and numbs itself with heroin. It is instead, the self-absorbed horror show of ‘relative poverty’; doctors, teachers, nurses, state employees, train drivers, taxi men, all of us feeling that relative to others, we don’t earn enough and don’t possess enough.

    The desires of the ‘many’ are the voices that politicians listen to. Putting more money in the pockets of ‘ordinary people’ or ‘the squeezed middle’, is the mantra of almost all political parties. It is the basic economic imperative of the state. It grounds what Richard Douthwaite and others have referred to as the ‘The Growth iIlussion.’ Growth maintains the irony that a cure for our social and environmental ills, can only arise from more of the same cancer.

    In Walden Pond, Thoreau made an honest evaluation of our real needs by his little experiment in the woods. He added the corollary of an extended list of things that are honestly beautiful, and of value. Unsurprisingly most of these things cost nothing at all.

    I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited  farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are more  easily acquired than got rid of. Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in. Who made them  serfs of the soil?
    Why should they eat their sixty acres, when man is condemned to eat only his peck of dirt? Why should they begin digging their graves as soon as they are born? They have got to live a man’s life, pushing all these things before them, and get on well as they can. How many a poor immortal soul have I met well-nigh crushed and  smothered under its load.

    The Left is Dead, Long Live the Left

    We have murdered the Left by failing to recognize that we ourselves, our individualism and materialism, remain the absolute source of our social ills, and petty dissatisfactions.

    The revolution cannot begin until we reject materialism in ourselves, the devil at home as opposed to elsewhere. We must become proud to be materially poorer than our neighbours, so that we might be richer; in spirit, in mind, in temporal freedoms, in Nature and in soul. What a truly paradoxical concept! The only thing such an idea has going for it, is the fact that today more than ever before, this is as realizable as it appears impossible.

    Plato in his idealised Republic insisted that the political elite of his ideal state, its ‘Guardians’ should not be paid, and should treat gold as if it caused a disease. They would be trained to recognize that their gold lay in their souls and cultivated minds.

    James Joyce described his art in A Portrait of Artist of a Young Man as follows: ‘I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience, and to forge in the smithy of my soul the un-created conscience of my race.’  That aspiration should become the banner of an honest version of the Left.

    When Ireland or indeed any wealthy country begins to see politicians rejecting their current salaries in favour of a minimum wage, once more copies of Ulysses instead of Argos or Ikea catalogues adorn coffee tables; when we we begin cultivating our gardens, baking bread, and leading by example; only then will the Left be a living honest thing. Then a revolution will have begun; not out the streets at the behest of social media, but rather within, the ‘smithy of the soul.’

    Perhaps there is something in the phrase that; ‘there is good in everyone’. Alas, I have my doubts. But it is this ‘good’ that demands practical and honest expression from the top down. It is then that the environment will have a hope, and the plutocrats will have something to fear. Then and only then will the cause and need for socialist charity begin to end. Governments will need to govern less. The Left will be ‘woke’, and the tired old game will have been irrevocably changed.